scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Book

Intermediate microeconomics : A modern approach

01 Jan 2006-
TL;DR: The Varian approach as mentioned in this paper gives students tools they can use on exams, in the rest of their classes, and in their careers after graduation, and is still the most modern presentation of the subject.
Abstract: This best-selling text is still the most modern presentation of the subject. The Varian approach gives students tools they can use on exams, in the rest of their classes, and in their careers after graduation.
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the most promising directions for electric energy industry development in Latvia and for creation of energy security potential of the country is construction of a HPP and heat power plants using the own energy resources.
Abstract: Object of the research is the condition of energy supply in Latvia. Goal of the research-analysis of data on electric energy production in Latvia and assessment of the ways of creation of the energy security potential of the country. Methods of the research are analysis of statistical data, methods of expertise. The leading producer and supplier of electric energy and heat in Latvia is JSC Latvenergo. One of the main aims is diversification of ways of energy resource supply to Latvia. The Ministry of Economic Affairs of Latvia plans by the year 2030 to decrease the volume of imported energy resources by 2 times and produce half of the energy by using own renewable energy sources. At present there is a discussion in Latvia about construction of another large hydro power plant with the output about 200 MW on river Daugava in the Daugavpils region. In the discussions the new HPP is considered as more ecological and economic alternative than construction of Visaginas Nuclear PP. The part of Latvenergo in the project of VNPP will correspond to 1 billion euro or 20% that will guarantee supply of not more than 275 MW of energy to Latvia. In Latvia there is a wide scatter of opinions about possible ways of development in future production of electric energy in the country. For analysis and elaboration of recommendations concerning the ways of forming the energy security potential in Latvia a method of expertise was used. The estimates obtained from the expert query show large difference in their opinions. Fuzzy Set Theory was used. The conducted analysis and the obtained results of mathematical processing by various methods of expert opinion make it possible to conclude the following: the most promising directions for electric energy industry development in Latvia and for creation, on this basis, of energy security potential of the country is construction of a HPP and heat power plants using the own energy resources. The direction of wind power energetics development is recognised as important. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.26.2.3327

2 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Nov 2019
TL;DR: Results indicate that optimal allocation of spectrum is achieved when fairness is achieved, and shows that the proposed approach reduces user churning rate, compared to traditional spectrum management approaches.
Abstract: This paper presents spectrum management in dynamic spectrum access (DSA) based 5G heterogeneous wireless networks (HetNets). Current literature studies architectures and signaling mechanisms for network selection, but rarely discuss proper bandwidth management for users over multiple HetNets. This paper considers users connected to multiple service providers in HetNets. A non-cooperative game is presented to determine the optimal bandwidth required at each service provider. The existence of a unique Nash equilibrium is shown. Results indicate that optimal allocation of spectrum is achieved when fairness is achieved. in other words, bandwidth available at any service provider is allocated equally to all users. This agrees with some empirical experimental studies available in the literature. Results also show that the proposed approach reduces user churning rate1, compared to traditional spectrum management approaches. The improvement is about 22–50% for delay intolerant traffic and 15-65% for delay tolerant traffic.1Defined as the percentage of users that do not meet the quality-of-service.

2 citations


Cites background from "Intermediate microeconomics : A mod..."

  • ...Proof: The Nash equilibrium of a game whose payoff function is a concave function of the decision variables is unique [34]....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an empirical framework is developed using economic theories to examine the relationship between variable costs and levels of activities at the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) en route centers.
Abstract: In this paper, an empirical framework is developed using economic theories to examine the relationships between variable costs and levels of activities at the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) en route centers. Using data for three fiscal years and employing time-series pooled cross section econometrics, we have found that the Air Traffic Organization's (ATO) service provisions in the en route centers have some economies of scale. Furthermore, we have found that while controllers' wage is important, it is not statistically significant in unit cost measured in aircraft flight operation counts. However, it is statistically significant when unit variable cost is measured and estimated in terms of aircraft flight operation hours. We have also found that degree of complexity, a measure of service attributes, does not impact cost. These findings, combined with on-going policy discussion on users' fees, imply that ATO may be well positioned to implement average cost pricing if cost is to be fully recovered for en route services. The implementation of marginal cost pricing may require external funding, perhaps from general funds of the U.S. Treasury.

2 citations


Cites background from "Intermediate microeconomics : A mod..."

  • ...Following the underlying relationships between cost and production of services, also known as Shephard’s duality lemma (Varian 1999), equation (1) can be written in terms of unit cost function (ATC) for multi-service provisions as follows: (2) where ATC, or short-run average total cost, is defined…...

    [...]

  • ...Following the underlying relationships between cost and production of services, also known as Shephard’s duality lemma (Varian 1999), equation (1) can be written in terms of unit cost function (ATC) for multi-service provisions as follows:...

    [...]

01 Jan 2014

2 citations


Cites background from "Intermediate microeconomics : A mod..."

  • ...The producer could however monetize the benefit with different carbon credits (Varian 2010)....

    [...]

  • ...Hence, storage of carbon and decreasing fluxes becomes more viable options (Varian 2010)....

    [...]

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In den Urlaub, Fahrten mussen verschoben oder konnen gar nicht durchgefuhrt werden as mentioned in this paper, und kommen unpunktlich und unzuverlassig zu Verabredungen und mussen Pufferzeiten einplanen.
Abstract: Strasenverkehrsstaus, uberlastungsbedingte Verspatungen von Zugen und Flugen sind ein Phanomen, das viele von uns taglich betrifft. Es fuhrt zu Stress, Erschopfung und Arger. Wir kommen unpunktlich und unzuverlassig zu Verabredungen und mussen Pufferzeiten einplanen. Wir starten gestresst in den Urlaub, Fahrten mussen verschoben oder konnen gar nicht durchgefuhrt werden. Schlieslich steigen die Kraftstoffkosten und Umweltwirkungen von Fahrten.

2 citations