Book•
Intermediate microeconomics : A modern approach
01 Jan 2006-
TL;DR: The Varian approach as mentioned in this paper gives students tools they can use on exams, in the rest of their classes, and in their careers after graduation, and is still the most modern presentation of the subject.
Abstract: This best-selling text is still the most modern presentation of the subject. The Varian approach gives students tools they can use on exams, in the rest of their classes, and in their careers after graduation.
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30 Jun 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze the functioning of the institutional environment through the prism of institutional interaction and cooperation between actors in the shadow and official economy, and suggest somewhat unusual mechanisms for understanding the most problematic current issues of interinstitutional cooperation in Ukraine.
Abstract: This article is an attempt to analyse the functioning of the institutional environment through the prism of institutional interaction and cooperation between actors in the shadow and official economy. The authors suggest somewhat unusual mechanisms for understanding the most problematic current issues of interinstitutional cooperation in Ukraine. The investigation is based on current game theory, in particular an approach to interactions in the context of such models as “loyal business – opposition business”, “IMF – Ukraine”, “Ukrainian society – oligarchic groups”, which allow the sources, causes and consequences of the defacto functioning command system to be demonstrated. The research, which combined approaches to the innovative economy, the institutional economy and the theory of games is a good basis for explaining why a positive outcome, known as institutional cooperation, has not been achieved in the interaction between oligarchic groups and Ukrainian society as a result of a repetitive “game” for two decades. It is proposed to use Nash disequilibrium to disturb an ineffective economical system for receiving the effect similar to Josef Schumpeter’s creative destruction approach in entrepreneur role identification. In this way a synergy between game theory and innovation economics was implemented.
2 citations
01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: A new multi-step lecture allocation method based on students preferences and university intentions is proposed, which realizes the high performance of allocation compared with brute force algorithm and reducing computational costs compared with optimizations.
Abstract: Elective Subject is one of important issues as education program in University. Students can declare their preferences directly by selecting it. In most of university, to allocate elective subjects to the students, university staffs poll students the lectures they want to take. However, due to the limitation of time and number of staffs, the hearing investigation includes the reason and the intention in which students select the lectures. Some students sometimes take a lecture for their career, for academical interest, and for assimilation of knowledge. However, some students might take the lecture following the crowd and take the lecture as Mickey Mouse. The latter case is undesirable for the higher education. To solve the problem, in this paper, we propose a new multi-step lecture allocation method based on students preferences and university intentions. Our protocol consists of the three steps of negotiations and three types of allocations. (1) The university warns the students who have never take a certain compulsory subject yet. The students can choose whether they attend the lecture or not. If the students answer they attend the lecture, the students are allocated to the lecture by priority. (2) The students inform the university of their reasons to take the lecture. The university allocates the lectures to the students based on their reasons. (3) They negotiate about the exchange of lectures to increase students’ utilities with each student. Our protocol realizes the high performance of allocation compared with brute force algorithm and reducing computational costs compared with optimizations.
2 citations
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the evidence for remittances effect on girls' primary education and found no evidence for accessibility, labor, expected migration, and migrated family to be reliable for this countering effect.
Abstract: This thesis examines remittances effect on development in less developed counties through human capital attainment, by evaluating the evidence for remittances effect on girls’ primary education. Remittances, the sum of money migrants send back to a household when migrating to work, have potential to contribute to development by directly supplying families with additional income. A major inhibitor of girls’ education is lack of sufficient funds, and therefore remittances should theoretically lead to increased education levels. This thesis asks; in what way may the effects of remittances on girl’s education impact development in less developed countries, and how extensive are these effects? It critically reviews 11 articles, finding a significant impact from remittances for girls in primary education; raised school attainment and lowered dropout rates. However the effect is marginal and largely restricted to specific groups. The thesis examine possible causes for the restricted effect and finds no evidence for accessibility, labor, expected migration, and migrated family to be reliable for this countering effect. (Less)
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze the effects of a cap-and-trade system on investment strategies, generation quantities, and prices in electricity markets and make a comparison with another potential way of reducing CO2 emissions, namely a fixed carbon tax charged per unit emission.
Abstract: Introducing a ceiling on total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and allowing polluting industries to buy and sell permits to meet it (known as a cap-and-trade system) affects investment strategies, generation quantities, and prices in electricity markets. In this paper we analyze these effects under the assumption of perfect competition and make a comparison with another potential way of reducing CO2 emissions, namely a fixed carbon tax charged per unit emission. We deal with an energy only market and model it as a two-stage game where capacities are installed in the first stage and production takes place in the future spot market. For a stylized version of this model (with no network effects and deterministic demand), we show that at the equilibrium either one or a mixture of two technologies is used. Such a mixture consists of a relatively clean and a relatively dirty technology. In the absence of a ceiling on total emissions, marginal operating costs of different technologies form a fixed merit order; that is, the marginal costs are ordered in an ascending fashion. Based on the observed demand, this fixed merit order is used to determine the total number of technologies used so that all demand is satisfied. We show that, as long as there is enough capacity in the system, when a fixed maximum allowance level is introduced, different demand levels impose different prices for a unit of emission allowance, and consequently there is no fixed merit order on the technologies. Therefore, for different levels of observed demand one can find a different optimal mixture. We develop an algorithm for finding the induced optimal mixture in a systematic way. We show that the price of electricity and the price of allowances increase as the maximum allowance level decreases. When, in comparison, a fixed tax is charged for the emissions, the merit order is fixed for all demand levels and the first technology in the merit order is the only generating unit. By means of a numerical study, we consider a more general version of the model with stochastic demand and observe that a broader mixture of technologies is used to satisfy the uncertain demand. We show that if there is a shortage of transmission capacity in the system, only introducing financial incentives and instruments (such as taxation or a cap-and-trade system) neither is sufficient to curb CO2 levels nor 1 necessarily induces investment in cleaner technologies.
2 citations
Additional excerpts
...Varian (1996) introduces consumers’ surplus as follows....
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