Book•
Intermediate microeconomics : A modern approach
01 Jan 2006-
TL;DR: The Varian approach as mentioned in this paper gives students tools they can use on exams, in the rest of their classes, and in their careers after graduation, and is still the most modern presentation of the subject.
Abstract: This best-selling text is still the most modern presentation of the subject. The Varian approach gives students tools they can use on exams, in the rest of their classes, and in their careers after graduation.
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TL;DR: It is argued that the demand for livestock products is likely to increase rapidly and the ability of the poor to participate in the opportunities presented by this growth is linked critically to the availability of good service support, both on the input and output side.
Abstract: This paper reviews the economic framework for the delivery of livestock services to the poor. It is argued that the demand for livestock products is likely to increase rapidly and the ability of the poor to participate in the opportunities presented by this growth is linked critically to the availability of good service support, both on the input and output side. Governments therefore have a responsibility to supply the necessary public goods (including the institutions and legal frameworks), and the market infrastructure for facilitating the emergence of efficient markets for livestock services. The paper further argues that the dynamics of public policy in developing countries are much more complex than the simple application of economic logic. It is the larger political economy that often dictates policy choices. It is therefore important to integrate political economy and governance issues into the economic debate on livestock service delivery. The paper also reviews the context in which the markets for livestock services will need to function. Different countries are facing very different sets of issues, and the identification of possible interventions in livestock service markets would require careful field research and analysis. In this context, the paper suggests the elements of a research agenda for the next few years.
66 citations
TL;DR: A consumer focus on the value chains is taken to consider the types of interventions that could lead to improved intakes of micronutrient-rich foods, and the present literature on thetypes of value chain assessments, interventions, and initiatives that are attempting to improve nutrition as well as potential future directions are reviewed.
65 citations
23 Feb 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present five key principles requiring fundamental cognitive, behavioral, and cultural shifts including rethinking growth, rethinking efficiency and rethinking the state, commons, and justice needed together to transform neighborhoods, cities, and regions.
Abstract: The scale, pace, and intensity of human activity on the planet demands radical departures from the status quo to remain within planetary boundaries and achieve sustainability. The steering arms of society including embedded financial, legal, political, and governance systems must be radically realigned and recognize the connectivity among social, ecological, and technological domains of urban systems to deliver more just, equitable, sustainable, and resilient futures. We present five key principles requiring fundamental cognitive, behavioral, and cultural shifts including rethinking growth, rethinking efficiency, rethinking the state, rethinking the commons, and rethinking justice needed together to radically transform neighborhoods, cities, and regions.
64 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined household energy use and its determinants in Nigeria based on the 2004 Nigeria Living Standard Survey data obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics and found that most households in Nigeria use firewood as cooking fuel and kerosene for lighting.
Abstract: This study examined household energy use and its determinants in Nigeria based on the 2004 Nigeria Living Standard Survey data obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics. The study utilised descriptive statistics and multinomial logit models. Most households in Nigeria use firewood as cooking fuel and kerosene for lighting. This shows that most Nigerian households do not have adequate access to environmentally-friendly modern energy sources. Energy use in Nigeria supports fuel stacking rather than energy ladder hypothesis. Among the factors that significantly influence household energy use for cooking are educational levels of father and mother, per capita expenditure and household size. Adequate measures should be taken to ensure that most households in Nigeria have access to modern environmentally-friendly sources of energy. This will pave the way for sustainable development in the country. The results of this study should serve as an invaluable guide to the Nigerian government and policymakers. Keywords: Energy use; Multinomial logit; Poverty; Determinants; Nigeria. JEL Classifications: I32; Q40; R20
64 citations
TL;DR: The importance of patients’ time as a cost of health and medical care is shown and how to include it in costing studies without greatly increasing the work required is explained.
Abstract: Objectives: To show the importance of patients’ time as a cost of health and medical care and to explain how to include it in costing studies without greatly increasing the work required for such studies. Background: Despite the decade-old recommendation of the Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine, patients’ time is rarely included in costing or cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs). Studies of cancer care, smoking cessation, and diabetes self-management show that it can be a large part of an intervention’s costs, sometimes larger than direct medical costs, and can potentially affect patients’ willingness to undertake the intervention. Measuring and Valuing Time: Good costing practice follows 2 principles: measure all important uses of a resource; and value it appropriately and in a way that is consistent with the valuation of other resources. Counts of formal medical services, already measured in most studies, can serve as the starting point for valuing patients’ time, and would be a major step toward recognizing time costs, even when analysts cannot measure other uses of time. The concept of opportunity cost, often approximated by a market price, is the basis for valuing all resources. The reasons why the wage is a reasonable proxy for the value patients place on their own time are explained. Wage data are well measured and readily available. Conclusions: Ignoring patients’ time underestimates disease burden and biases cost-effectiveness results toward interventions that use more time. The tools and data to include patients’ time are available and will improve if they are routinely used.
64 citations