Book•
Intermediate microeconomics : A modern approach
01 Jan 2006-
TL;DR: The Varian approach as mentioned in this paper gives students tools they can use on exams, in the rest of their classes, and in their careers after graduation, and is still the most modern presentation of the subject.
Abstract: This best-selling text is still the most modern presentation of the subject. The Varian approach gives students tools they can use on exams, in the rest of their classes, and in their careers after graduation.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present compelling anecdotal evidence from two cohorts of graduate students introduced to spatial reasoning through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which showed a marked improvement in depth of understanding of three key economic concepts.
Abstract: This paper presents compelling anecdotal evidence from two cohorts of graduate students introduced to spatial reasoning through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Outcomes of a case-study assigned in prior cohorts showed marked improvement in depth of understanding of three key economic concepts. Given the minimal time involved in equipping students with basic spatial analysis tools, the results suggest there are increasing returns to scale from employing GIS in economics education. Two specific directions for future research are recommended based on the results from the initial student experiences.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the economic literature applied to the tourism sector, showing that depending on the characteristics of good "tourism" is the potential occurrence of market failures that prevent the best allocation of resources.
Abstract: Resumo A atividade turistica e uma das variaveis determinantes da estrutura de oferta do setor de transportes aereos e de seu desempenho economico. Neste artigo analisa-se a literatura economica aplicada ao setor de turismo, mostrando que em funcao das caracteristicas do bem “turismo” ha potencialidade de ocorrencia de falhas de mercado que impedem a melhor alocacao dos recursos. Essas falhas de mercado podem ocorrer por problemas de informacao, externalidades ou super-utilizacao de recursos nao renovaveis. Em consequencia, uma adequada regulacao do setor e necessaria para a obtencao de uma alocacao mais eficiente dos recursos. A regulacao devera contemplar em cada caso a opcao por uma exploracao de maior valor ou maior volume do bem turistico e necessariamente devera contemplar as diversas esferas de governo: federal, estadual e municipal. A opcao regulatoria adotada resultara em diferentes impactos sobre a estruturacao da oferta e sobre o desempenho do setor de transportes aereos. Abstract Tourist activity is one of the variables determining the structure of the air transport sector supply and the economic performance of this sector. This article analyzes the economic literature applied to the tourism sector, showing that depending on the characteristics of good "tourism" is the potential occurrence of market failures that prevent the best allocation of resources. These market failures may occur due to problems of information, externalities or over use of nonrenewable resources. As a result, a proper regulation of the sector is required to obtain a more efficient allocation of resources. The regulation should include in each case the option of a higher value or greater volume strategy of use of the touristic good and necessarily must include the various tiers of government: federal, state and municipal levels. The regulatory option adopted leads to different impacts on the supply structure and on the performance of the air transport sector.
1 citations
Dissertation•
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use a nationally representative sample of agricultural businesses in Tanzania to empirically investigate the determinants of credit constraint status and its impact on agricultural productivity, and evaluate the effect on crop output value per hectare using an endogenous switching regression model.
Abstract: This paper uses a nationally representative sample of agricultural businesses in Tanzania to empirically investigate the determinants of credit constraint status and its impact on agricultural productivity. In particular, we directly elicit the nature of the credit constraints experienced by crop producers. Subsequently, we evaluate the effect on crop output value per hectare using an endogenous switching regression model, which simultaneously estimates the likelihood of being credit constrained and its impact on productivity. The results provide evidence that the relaxation of all credit constraints would significantly enhance agricultural productivity; hence, contributing favourably to rural development, poverty alleviation, and the improvement of living standards in Tanzania. Moreover, consideration of only quantity constraints was shown to underestimate the full impact of credit constraint status in the presence of transaction costs and risk constraints. We advocate for the Tanzanian agricultural policy framework to adopt a broader definition of credit constraint status in pursuit of agricultural and economic development.
1 citations
Cites background from "Intermediate microeconomics : A mod..."
...2 “[Physical capital or] capital goods are machines of one sort or another: tractors, buildings, computer or whatever” (Varian 2010, 333)....
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01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: This thesis proposes a bandwidth management framework for BWASs that is designed to support multiple classes of traffic with different users having different QoS requirements, maximize the throughput ofBWASs, support inter- and intra-class fairness, prevent network congestion and maximize the network operator's revenues.
Abstract: Broadband Wireless Access Systems (BWASs) such as High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), pose a myriad of new opportunities for leveraging the support of a wide range of “content-rich” mobile multimedia services with diverse Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. This is due to the remarkably high bandwidth that is supported by these systems, which was previously only available to wireline connections. Despite the support for such high bandwidth, satisfying the diverse QoS of users while maximizing the revenues of network operators is still one of the major issues in these systems. Bandwidth management, therefore, will play a decisive role in the success of such wireless access systems. Without efficient bandwidth management, network operators may not be able to meet the growing demand of users for multimedia services, and may consequently suffer great revenue loss. Bandwidth management in BWASs is, however, a challenging problem due to many issues that need to be taken into consideration. Examples of such issues include the diverse QoS requirements of the services that BWASs support, the varying channel quality conditions of mobile users, and hence the varying amount of resources that are needed to guarantee certain QoS levels during the lifetime of user connections, the utilization of shared channels for data delivery instead of dedicated ones and network congestion.
In this thesis, we address the problem of bandwidth management in BWASs and propose efficient economic-based solutions in order to deal with these issues at different bandwidth management levels, and hence enhance the QoS support in these systems. Specifically, we propose a bandwidth management framework for BWASs. The framework is designed to support multiple classes of traffic with different users having different QoS requirements, maximize the throughput of BWASs, support inter- and intra-class fairness, prevent network congestion and maximize the network operator's revenues. The framework consists of three related components, namely packet scheduling, bandwidth provisioning and Call Admission Control-based dynamic pricing. By efficiently managing the wireless bandwidth prior to users' admission (i.e., pre-admission bandwidth management) and during the users' connections (i.e., post-admission bandwidth management), these schemes are shown to achieve the design goals of our framework.
Keywords: BWASs, bandwidth management, packet scheduling, bandwidth provisioning, Call Admission Control, dynamic pricing, revenues and fairness.
1 citations