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Intermediate microeconomics : A modern approach
01 Jan 2006-
TL;DR: The Varian approach as mentioned in this paper gives students tools they can use on exams, in the rest of their classes, and in their careers after graduation, and is still the most modern presentation of the subject.
Abstract: This best-selling text is still the most modern presentation of the subject. The Varian approach gives students tools they can use on exams, in the rest of their classes, and in their careers after graduation.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a conceptual framework to measure the impact of several possible supply chain interventions on household utility in the food sector by applying mathematical programming to the household utility model and estimating the utility effects of the interventions on the households.
Abstract: Improving the utility of households lies at the core of most development initiatives. Households act as an integral part of supply chains by supplying resources to supply chains and acting as the final consumer for the products produced by these chains. This article seeks to develop a conceptual framework to measure the impact of several possible supply chain interventions on household utility in the food sector. The effect of supply chain interventions is analysed by applying mathematical programming to the household utility model anti estimating the utility effects of the interventions on the households. The analysis shows that transportation costs are the biggest constraint to production and processing expansion by the households. Maize supply chain interventions are beneficial to households, but other products will have to be considered that are not as susceptible to transportation costs.
01 Jan 2014
Cites background from "Intermediate microeconomics : A mod..."
...Vähittäiskaupan hyötymisestä verojen noususta ei kannattane puhua, vaikka hinnannousu oli suurempaa kuin kulujen nousu: normaalihyödykkeillä kuten polttoaineet kysyntä laskee hintojen noustessa [18]....
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...OPEC on kartelli ja pystyy näin ollen vaikuttamaan hintoihin kuluttajien kannalta epäsuotuisasti hintasopimuksilla ja tuotannon volyymin säätelyllä [18]....
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...Hypoteesina on myös, että huoltoasemat hyötyisivät raakaöljyn laskevasta hinnasta ja jättäisivät polttoaineiden hinnat ylihintaisiksi joksikin aikaa Näin ei pitäisi käydä kilpailullisilla markkinoilla [18]....
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...Syinä näihin ovat olleet häiriöt raakaöljyn tarjonnassa [18]....
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01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the usefulness of municipal accounting data for modeling a particular public resource allocation decision: the decision to privatize residential sanitation collection (RSC). Data from Louisiana municipalities are used in this study.
Abstract: The Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) Concepts Statement No. 1, Objectives of Financial Reporting states that (GASB 1987, 27) "Financial reporting should assist in fulfilling government's duty to be publicly accountable and should enable users to assess that accountability." Government accountability requires that public officials answer to the citizenry. Further, accountability rests on the notion that the citizenry has a "right to know" (GASB 1987, 21) . Therefore, according to GASB Concepts Statement No. 1, municipal accounting data should reflect public resource allocation decisions made by government officials. This study investigates the usefulness of municipal accounting data for modeling a particular public resource allocation decision: the decision to privatize residential sanitation collection (RSC). Data from Louisiana municipalities are used in this study. Inferential statistics are used to characterize the two groups of municipalities (those that privatize RSC and those that do not privatize RSC) in terms of demographic and financial variables. Public choice theory and the theory of bureaucracy are used to suggest municipal accounting information that is useful for modeling the municipal decision to privatize RSC. Logistic regression (logit) analysis is employed to test
TL;DR: In the case of advertising, advertising is a way to expand demand, repair market failure and reduce consumer search costs for goods as discussed by the authors, and it can signal differences when consumers are less informed than suppliers.
Abstract: Italian Abstract: Come e stata modellata la pubblicita in economia? Essenzialmente la pubblicita e un modo di espandere la domanda. Nel caso di differenziazione orizzontale, la pubblicita puo differenziare artificialmente un bene altrimenti omogeneo (pubblicita persuasiva) o rendere omogeneo un bene altrimenti artificialmente differenziato. Nel caso di differenziazione verticale puo invece informare sulla differenza fra i beni segnalando le differenze altrimenti ignote ai consumatori. Come tale rappresenta un segnale che elimina le asimmetrie informative ricostituendo il mercato per ogni qualita e facendo diminuire i costi di ricerca dei consumatori. English Abstract: How has advertising being traditionally modeled? In general advertising is a way to expand demand. In the case of horizontal differentiated goods, advertising may contribute in creating artificial differences between essentially homogeneous goods. In the case of vertical differentiated goods, advertising may inform consumer about differences, letting them choose their preferred goods and/or it can signal differences when consumers are less informed than suppliers. In the latter case advertising works as a signal that reduces information asymmetries, repairs market failure and reduces consumer search costs for goods.
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: In this article, a mathematical model for accumulation process can be constructed using wealth function introduced within the frame of irreversible microeconomics, and a problem of extreme performance of resources exchange process is solved for a case when both the consumption and accumulation exist.
Abstract: Two main processes are common for an economic system. They are consumption and accumulation. The first one is described by utility function, either cardinal or ordinal one. The mathematical model for accumulation process can be constructed using wealth function introduced within the frame of irreversible microeconomics. Characteristics of utility and wealth functions are compared and a problem of extreme performance of resources exchange process is solved for a case when both the consumption and accumulation exist.