International clinical research and the problem of benefiting from injustice
Citations
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4 citations
Cites background from "International clinical research and..."
...Some hold that the essential wrong of exploitation consists in the violation of some norm of fairness (Wertheimer 1996, 2011; Mayer 2007; Valdman 2009)....
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1 citations
References
528 citations
"International clinical research and..." refers background in this paper
...See, in particular, Jonas (1984) and Young (2011)....
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428 citations
"International clinical research and..." refers background in this paper
...Typical participants in Phase 1 trials appear to be students, unemployed and contingent labourers trying to supplement their income, while those who enrol in Phase 2 and 3 trials are commonly patients seeking treatments that they cannot otherwise afford or access (Sunder Rajan 2007; Petryna 2009; Wemos 2010; Cooper and Waldby 2014)....
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...Developing countries themselves are often eager to host foreign research sponsors (Sunder Rajan 2007; Petryna 2009; Cooper and Waldby 2014)....
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...…appear to be students, unemployed and contingent labourers trying to supplement their income, while those who enrol in Phase 2 and 3 trials are commonly patients seeking treatments that they cannot otherwise afford or access (Sunder Rajan 2007; Petryna 2009; Wemos 2010; Cooper and Waldby 2014)....
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...In some countries trials run by the pharmaceutical industry appear to be increasingly counted on to provide the healthcare that a shrinking public sector can no longer offer (Petryna 2009)....
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...Different considerations motivate pharmaceutical firms and other sponsors to “offshore” their research to developing countries (Macklin 2004; Sunder Rajan 2007; Petryna 2009; Cooper and Waldby 2014)....
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217 citations
"International clinical research and..." refers background in this paper
...More specifically, they have argued that benefiting from injustice (or wrongdoing) may give rise to responsibilities towards its victims (Gosseries 2004; Anwander 2005 and 2009; Pogge 2005 and 2008; Butt 2007 and 2014; Goodin and Barry 2014)....
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...Different versions of this view have been advanced to attribute special responsibilities to the beneficiaries of human-induced climate change (Gosseries 2004), global poverty (Anwander 2005 and 2008; Pogge 2005 and 2008) and historic injustices such as slavery (Butt 2007)....
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124 citations
"International clinical research and..." refers background in this paper
...More specifically, they have argued that benefiting from injustice (or wrongdoing) may give rise to responsibilities towards its victims (Gosseries 2004; Anwander 2005 and 2009; Pogge 2005 and 2008; Butt 2007 and 2014; Goodin and Barry 2014)....
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...Some invoke the notion of free riding to justify remedial responsibilities on the part of innocent beneficiaries of injustice (Gosseries 2004; Anwander 2009)....
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...Different versions of this view have been advanced to attribute special responsibilities to the beneficiaries of human-induced climate change (Gosseries 2004), global poverty (Anwander 2005 and 2008; Pogge 2005 and 2008) and historic injustices such as slavery (Butt 2007)....
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100 citations
"International clinical research and..." refers background in this paper
...More specifically, they have argued that benefiting from injustice (or wrongdoing) may give rise to responsibilities towards its victims (Gosseries 2004; Anwander 2005 and 2009; Pogge 2005 and 2008; Butt 2007 and 2014; Goodin and Barry 2014)....
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...Daniel Butt (2007) offers a more fanciful but structurally similar case....
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...(Butt 2007, 143) In a later paper, Butt restates this claim as follows: [T]here is an inconsistency in our moral outlook if we condemn actions which harm others as wrong, and so maintain that they should not have taken place, but then refuse to perform actions within our power which would make the…...
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...Different versions of this view have been advanced to attribute special responsibilities to the beneficiaries of human-induced climate change (Gosseries 2004), global poverty (Anwander 2005 and 2008; Pogge 2005 and 2008) and historic injustices such as slavery (Butt 2007)....
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