International journal of engineering sciences & research technology laser ignition system for internal combustion engine
01 Jan 2016-
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the potential advantages and control opportunities and consider the challenges faced, construction and working of laser ignitor and the system requirements for laser Ignitor, which is considered to be one of the most promising future ignition concepts for internal combustion engines.
Abstract: Laser ignition is considered to be one of the most promising future ignition concepts for internal combustion engines. It not only combines requirement of reduction of pollutant emissions but also improves engine efficiencies. In general, a well-defined ignition location and ignition time is of great importance for an IC engine. Spark plugs are well suited for such tasks but suffer from disadvantages, like erosion of electrodes & inflexible or un-optimal location of spark plug. Also the conventional ignition system cannot burn leaner air fuel mixture properly. In order to overcome the disadvantages of conventional ignition system, laser ignition system is researched upon. Laser ignition system gives the advantages like-it will reduce the NOx emission by 20%,it will be able to give improved efficiencies .Also the Thermodynamic requirements of a high compression ratio and a high power density are fulfilled well by laser ignition system. . This paper outlines progress made in recent research on laser ignited IC engines, discusses the potential advantages and control opportunities and considers the challenges faced, construction and working of laser ignitor and the system requirements for laser ignitor. The igniting plasma is generated by a focussed pulsed laser beam. In order to generate the laser Nd:YAG is chosen as laser active medium emitting at λem = 1064 nm, and Cr:YAG as passive saturable absorber. There are four different ways in which laser light can interact with a combustible mixture to initiate an ignition event namely- 1. Thermal initiation, 2. Non resonant breakdown, 3. Resonant breakdown, and 4. Photochemical ignition .Out of the above stated different ways non resonant breakdown is more frequently used because of its freedom in selecting the laser wavelength and ease of implementation. At present the laser ignition plug is very expensive and commercially not yet available.
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Dissertation•
20 Apr 2017
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a control for generating the Corona discharge in an ignition coil of a car from reading the current that goes through it, using the Arduino Uno microcontroller.
Abstract: The Corona Discharge is an phenomena brought on by the ionization of a fluid such as air surrounding a conductor that is electrically charged with high tension and high frequency. Previous studies show how the energy of that electrical discharge can be used for the ignition of a petrol engine, as an alternative for the most used currently, the spark ignition system. That project consists on the design and execution of a control (software and external hardware) with the Arduino Uno microcontroller, which may allow emitting the necessary voltage to generate the Corona Discharge in an ignition coil of a car, from reading the current that goes through it.
2 citations
Cites background from "International journal of engineerin..."
...This project is not focused on the laser ignition system, so for further information, you can consult [8], [9] and [7]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the role of multiphoton absorption and inverse bremsstrahlung or cascade collisional ionization in the early stages of the formation of plasma.
Abstract: Powerful flashes of ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared laser light can cause breakdown and plasma formation in gases which are normally transparent at these wavelengths. The ionization processes involved are multiphoton absorption and inverse bremsstrahlung or cascade collisional ionization, in competition with deionization by diffusion, recombination and radiative energy losses. The relative importance of these mechanisms and their roles in leading to the initiation of breakdown and the earliest stages of plasma formation is examined. Theoretical treatments are summarized, and experimental results obtained with a variety of gases and metal vapours at pressures from millitorrs to hundreds of atmospheres and with flashes from picosecond duration to quasi-continuous illumination are reviewed.
395 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental study of laser-induced spark ignition of flammable, gaseous premixtures is reported, with theoretical interpretations, in an explosion bomb equipped with four variable-speed fans that facilitated the study of quiescent and isotropic turbulent conditions.
320 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review progress on the use of laser-induced ignition for internal combustion engines and explore the feasibility of this interesting technology for practical applications concerning internal combustion engine.
Abstract: Performance of future ignition system for internal combustion engines should be reliable and efficient to enhance and sustain combustion stability, since ignition not only initiates combustion but also influences subsequent combustion. Lean burn systems have been regarded as an advanced combustion approach that could improve thermal efficiency while reducing exhaust gas emissions. However, current engines cannot be operated sufficiently lean due to ignition related problems such as the sluggish flame initiation and propagation along with potential misfiring. A high exhaust gas recirculation engines also has similar potential for emissions improvement, but could also experience similar ignition problems, particularly at idle operation. Similarly, ignition is an important design factor in gas turbine and rocket combustor. Recently, non-conventional ignition techniques such as laser-induced ignition methods have become an attractive field of research in order to replace the conventional spark ignition systems. The fundamentals of conventional laser-induced spark ignition have been previously reviewed. Therefore, the objective of this article is to review progress on the use of such innovative techniques of laser-induced ignition including laser-induced cavity ignition and laser-induced multi-point ignition. In addition, emphasis is given to recent work to explore the feasibility of this interesting technology for practical applications concerning internal combustion engines.
140 citations
01 Feb 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, preliminary test results are presented for a spark ignition engine which uses a focused, laser beam and conventional spark ignition as ignition sources for a steady running, single cylinder engine with minimum spark for best torque (MBT) spark timing and fixed throttle position.
Abstract: Preliminary test results are presented for a spark ignition engine which uses a focused, laser beam and conventional spark ignition as ignition sources For a steady running, single cylinder engine with minimum spark for best torque (MBT) spark timing and fixed throttle position, laser ignition provides improved engine performance and efficiency, extension of the lean limit of operation by five air/fuel ratios, and increased nitric oxide production Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions are essentially the same With the laser, the spark location was found to have little effect on performance except when it was moved near the combustion chamber wall The minimum laser pulse energy required for steady engine operation seems to be dictated by the minimum energy required to achieve breakdown of the laser pulse in air at the same pressure Raising the spark energy above this minimum level is desirable to produce a steady running engine The use of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) was found to be effective in reducing nitric oxide levels The nitric-oxide specific fuel consumption tradeoff with 16% EGR showed the laser to be superior to the standard ignition system
133 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the setup and function of a diode-pumped passively Q-switched solid-state laser system, which preferentially is based on Nd:YAG, is described.
Abstract: After an introduction illustrating the relevance and motivation of laser ignition of engines, the physical background is reviewed in a first technical section. This mainly comprises the mechanisms of plasma formation, which are the generation of first free electrons and their avalanche-like multiplication, being illustrated by emission and Schlieren diagnostics. Thereafter, combustion fundamentals are discussed leading to an understanding of flammability and minimum ignition laser energies. An important section is represented by the description of the components of laser ignition. This covers the setup and function of a diode-pumped passively Q-switched solid-state laser system, which preferentially is based on Nd:YAG. Other laser sources are mentioned for comparison. Furthermore, multiplexing schemes are discussed that are motivated by cost-saving issues. It is explained why present-day optical fibers are not capable of transporting nanosecond ignition pulses. As a last section, the concepts for an incoupling window and focusing optics are elucidated. Finally, after a summary, in an outlook the chances for commercial realization are analyzed.
78 citations