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Journal ArticleDOI

Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications

TL;DR: An overview of the Internet of Things with emphasis on enabling technologies, protocols, and application issues, and some of the key IoT challenges presented in the recent literature are provided and a summary of related research work is provided.
Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) with emphasis on enabling technologies, protocols, and application issues. The IoT is enabled by the latest developments in RFID, smart sensors, communication technologies, and Internet protocols. The basic premise is to have smart sensors collaborate directly without human involvement to deliver a new class of applications. The current revolution in Internet, mobile, and machine-to-machine (M2M) technologies can be seen as the first phase of the IoT. In the coming years, the IoT is expected to bridge diverse technologies to enable new applications by connecting physical objects together in support of intelligent decision making. This paper starts by providing a horizontal overview of the IoT. Then, we give an overview of some technical details that pertain to the IoT enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. Compared to other survey papers in the field, our objective is to provide a more thorough summary of the most relevant protocols and application issues to enable researchers and application developers to get up to speed quickly on how the different protocols fit together to deliver desired functionalities without having to go through RFCs and the standards specifications. We also provide an overview of some of the key IoT challenges presented in the recent literature and provide a summary of related research work. Moreover, we explore the relation between the IoT and other emerging technologies including big data analytics and cloud and fog computing. We also present the need for better horizontal integration among IoT services. Finally, we present detailed service use-cases to illustrate how the different protocols presented in the paper fit together to deliver desired IoT services.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art MEC research with a focus on joint radio-and-computational resource management is provided in this paper, where a set of issues, challenges, and future research directions for MEC are discussed.
Abstract: Driven by the visions of Internet of Things and 5G communications, recent years have seen a paradigm shift in mobile computing, from the centralized mobile cloud computing toward mobile edge computing (MEC). The main feature of MEC is to push mobile computing, network control and storage to the network edges (e.g., base stations and access points) so as to enable computation-intensive and latency-critical applications at the resource-limited mobile devices. MEC promises dramatic reduction in latency and mobile energy consumption, tackling the key challenges for materializing 5G vision. The promised gains of MEC have motivated extensive efforts in both academia and industry on developing the technology. A main thrust of MEC research is to seamlessly merge the two disciplines of wireless communications and mobile computing, resulting in a wide-range of new designs ranging from techniques for computation offloading to network architectures. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art MEC research with a focus on joint radio-and-computational resource management. We also discuss a set of issues, challenges, and future research directions for MEC research, including MEC system deployment, cache-enabled MEC, mobility management for MEC, green MEC, as well as privacy-aware MEC. Advancements in these directions will facilitate the transformation of MEC from theory to practice. Finally, we introduce recent standardization efforts on MEC as well as some typical MEC application scenarios.

2,992 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: A comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art MEC research with a focus on joint radio-and-computational resource management and recent standardization efforts on MEC are introduced.
Abstract: Driven by the visions of Internet of Things and 5G communications, recent years have seen a paradigm shift in mobile computing, from the centralized Mobile Cloud Computing towards Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). The main feature of MEC is to push mobile computing, network control and storage to the network edges (e.g., base stations and access points) so as to enable computation-intensive and latency-critical applications at the resource-limited mobile devices. MEC promises dramatic reduction in latency and mobile energy consumption, tackling the key challenges for materializing 5G vision. The promised gains of MEC have motivated extensive efforts in both academia and industry on developing the technology. A main thrust of MEC research is to seamlessly merge the two disciplines of wireless communications and mobile computing, resulting in a wide-range of new designs ranging from techniques for computation offloading to network architectures. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art MEC research with a focus on joint radio-and-computational resource management. We also present a research outlook consisting of a set of promising directions for MEC research, including MEC system deployment, cache-enabled MEC, mobility management for MEC, green MEC, as well as privacy-aware MEC. Advancements in these directions will facilitate the transformation of MEC from theory to practice. Finally, we introduce recent standardization efforts on MEC as well as some typical MEC application scenarios.

2,289 citations


Cites background from "Internet of Things: A Survey on Ena..."

  • ...generation Internet, such as Tactile Internet (with millisecondscale reaction time) [6], Internet of Things (IoT) [7], and Internet of Me [8]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The relationship between cyber-physical systems and IoT, both of which play important roles in realizing an intelligent cyber- physical world, are explored and existing architectures, enabling technologies, and security and privacy issues in IoT are presented to enhance the understanding of the state of the art IoT development.
Abstract: Fog/edge computing has been proposed to be integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) to enable computing services devices deployed at network edge, aiming to improve the user’s experience and resilience of the services in case of failures. With the advantage of distributed architecture and close to end-users, fog/edge computing can provide faster response and greater quality of service for IoT applications. Thus, fog/edge computing-based IoT becomes future infrastructure on IoT development. To develop fog/edge computing-based IoT infrastructure, the architecture, enabling techniques, and issues related to IoT should be investigated first, and then the integration of fog/edge computing and IoT should be explored. To this end, this paper conducts a comprehensive overview of IoT with respect to system architecture, enabling technologies, security and privacy issues, and present the integration of fog/edge computing and IoT, and applications. Particularly, this paper first explores the relationship between cyber-physical systems and IoT, both of which play important roles in realizing an intelligent cyber-physical world. Then, existing architectures, enabling technologies, and security and privacy issues in IoT are presented to enhance the understanding of the state of the art IoT development. To investigate the fog/edge computing-based IoT, this paper also investigate the relationship between IoT and fog/edge computing, and discuss issues in fog/edge computing-based IoT. Finally, several applications, including the smart grid, smart transportation, and smart cities, are presented to demonstrate how fog/edge computing-based IoT to be implemented in real-world applications.

2,057 citations


Cites background from "Internet of Things: A Survey on Ena..."

  • ...is implemented as the top layer in IoT architecture [7]....

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  • ...4 is a protocol designed for the physical layer and the MAC layer in wireless personal area networks (WPANs) [7], [37]....

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  • ...[7] presented the enabling technologies, protocols, and possible applications of IoT, in which the horizontal overview of IoT was provided and the key IoT challenges were presented to point out the future directions....

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  • ...8) Data Distribution Service: Data distribution service (DDS) is a publish/subscribe protocol for supporting high performance device-to-device communication [7], [44]....

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  • ...(MQTT) is a messaging protocol, which is used to collect measured data on remote sensors and transmit the data to servers [7]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The definition of MEC, its advantages, architectures, and application areas are provided; where the security and privacy issues and related existing solutions are also discussed.
Abstract: Mobile edge computing (MEC) is an emergent architecture where cloud computing services are extended to the edge of networks leveraging mobile base stations. As a promising edge technology, it can be applied to mobile, wireless, and wireline scenarios, using software and hardware platforms, located at the network edge in the vicinity of end-users. MEC provides seamless integration of multiple application service providers and vendors toward mobile subscribers, enterprises, and other vertical segments. It is an important component in the 5G architecture which supports variety of innovative applications and services where ultralow latency is required. This paper is aimed to present a comprehensive survey of relevant research and technological developments in the area of MEC. It provides the definition of MEC, its advantages, architectures, and application areas; where we in particular highlight related research and future directions. Finally, security and privacy issues and related existing solutions are also discussed.

1,815 citations


Cites background from "Internet of Things: A Survey on Ena..."

  • ...useful information that may benefit to different business segments [58]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The concepts of IoT, Industrial IoT, and Industry 4.0 are clarified and the challenges associated with the need of energy efficiency, real-time performance, coexistence, interoperability, and security and privacy are focused on.
Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging domain that promises ubiquitous connection to the Internet, turning common objects into connected devices. The IoT paradigm is changing the way people interact with things around them. It paves the way for creating pervasively connected infrastructures to support innovative services and promises better flexibility and efficiency. Such advantages are attractive not only for consumer applications, but also for the industrial domain. Over the last few years, we have been witnessing the IoT paradigm making its way into the industry marketplace with purposely designed solutions. In this paper, we clarify the concepts of IoT, Industrial IoT, and Industry 4.0. We highlight the opportunities brought in by this paradigm shift as well as the challenges for its realization. In particular, we focus on the challenges associated with the need of energy efficiency, real-time performance, coexistence, interoperability, and security and privacy. We also provide a systematic overview of the state-of-the-art research efforts and potential research directions to solve Industrial IoT challenges.

1,402 citations


Cites background or methods from "Internet of Things: A Survey on Ena..."

  • ...ample of request/response protocol is Constrained Application Protocol defined by the the IETF Constrained RESTful Environments working group [47]....

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  • ..., the capability to use a common data structure and set of rules for information exchanges [46], [47]....

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References
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
19 Apr 2010
TL;DR: According to the management requirements of terminals in pervasive communication network, an integrated terminal management model was proposed and the reasoning mechanism based on the information model for pervasive communication service was analyzed.
Abstract: Nowadays configuration parameters about network and service in intelligent terminals are getting more complex. Faults and security risks in the terminal are increasing. These have become key holdbacks for usage of services. So it is necessary to manage the terminals to keep them normal and promote satisfaction from customer. OMA and 3GPP have done researches about management of terminals. But there are some shortages, such as mainly focus on interface instead of functions in the management system, focus on maintenance about equipment instead of customer-aware service, varied information modeling that difficult to share, etc. According to the management requirements of terminals in pervasive communication network, an integrated terminal management model was proposed. A common information model for heterogeneous terminals was given and the reasoning mechanism based on the information model for pervasive communication service was analyzed. Finally, the management model, modeling method and reasoning mechanism were validated by designing and implementing a prototype system under a typical pervasive communication service scenario.

1 citations