International Journal of Research
Available at https://edupediapublications.org/journals
p-ISSN: 2348-6848
e-ISSN: 2348-795X
Volume 03 Issue 17
November 2016
Available online: http://internationaljournalofresearch.org/ P a g e | 1016
Internet of Vehicles: From Intelligent Grid to Autonomous Cars and
Vehicular Clouds
1.D. SRAVAN KUMAR,2. CH. RAMESH BABU
1 PG Scholar, 2 Asst. Professor
Department of ECE, SVS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to
JNTU, Hyderabad & ISO 9001:2008 certified) BHEEMARAM(V), HASANPARHY(M),WARANGAL (Dt).
T.S. India -506015.
ABSTRACT:
More particularly, calculations are developed and examined to reduce the entire quantity of
Wireless access points as well as their locations in almost any given atmosphere while with the
throughput needs and the necessity to ensure every place in the area can achieve a minimum of k
APs. This paper concentrates on using Wireless for interacting with and localizing the robot.
We've carried out thorough studies of Wireless signal propagation qualities both in indoor and
outside conditions, which forms the foundation for Wireless AP deployment and communication
to be able to augment how human operators communicate with this atmosphere, a mobile
automatic platform is developed. Gas and oil refineries could be a harmful atmosphere for
various reasons, including heat, toxic gasses, and unpredicted catastrophic failures. When
multiple Wireless APs are close together, there's a possible for interference. A graph-coloring
heuristic can be used to find out AP funnel allocation. Additionally, Wireless fingerprinting
based localization is developed. All of the calculations implemented are examined in real life
situations using the robot developed and answers are promising. For example, within the gas and
oil industry, during inspection, maintenance, or repair of facilities inside a refinery, people might
be uncovered to seriously high temps to have a long time, to toxic gasses including methane and
H2S, and also to unpredicted catastrophic failures.
Keywords: Oil & Gas, WIFi, refineries, fingerprinting.
I. INTRODUCTION
One method to remove human exposure
from these kinds of situations would be to
instrument an oil refinery having a wireless
sensor network, which attaches a radio
sensor on every gauge and valve.
Regrettably, this method is costly and labor-
intensive, not to mention wireless sensors
are failure prone. Getting rid of humans
from inhospitable conditions is frequently
International Journal of Research
Available at https://edupediapublications.org/journals
p-ISSN: 2348-6848
e-ISSN: 2348-795X
Volume 03 Issue 17
November 2016
Available online: http://internationaljournalofresearch.org/ P a g e | 1017
desirable. Hence, upkeep of the network and
reliably collecting data in the network are
very challenging. We, therefore, resort to a
new approach that aims to enhance the way
the human operators interface using the
physical world. A mobile automatic
platform is really a rational analog to some
physical human it may undertake an
atmosphere either autonomously or through
tele-operation while sensing its surroundings
together with sensors. However, further
constraints are applied when presenting
physical software in a gas and oil
atmosphere. All products deployed must
satisfy the specified standards set through
the industry. Within our interdisciplinary
project that aims to automate gas and oil
processes utilizing a mobile robot, we've
built Blaster, a mobile robot able to both
tele-operation and autonomous control.
Blaster is capable of doing path planning,
path monitoring, obstacle avoidance, and
auto inspection autonomously.
Communication between Blaster and also
the control station happens over Wireless.
Utilizing an autonomous automatic system
to have an offshore gas and oil refinery
continues to be suggested before. However,
no detailed studies on Wireless
communication and localization issues
happen to be reported. Within this paper, we
concentrate on the Wireless aspects when
utilizing a mobile automatic platform within
an oil refinery. More particularly, we think
about the two problems: Wireless
communication and localization. First, as the
robot is mobile, an operator must have the
ability to talk to it to get sensor data
collected in the refinery in addition to send it
various instructions that either manipulate
the robot or even the arm, request certain
specific information, or ask it to maneuver
in in a certain style however, most refineries
lack a radio network infrastructure.
Therefore, Wireless access points should be
strategically placed throughout an
atmosphere to reduce the amount of models
needed to attain full dental coverage plans
required for communication. Second, for an
automatic system to become autonomous, it
has to come with an accurate knowledge of
its location. Since an oil refinery frequently
is composed of tall structures made from
steel, Gps navigation might not continually
be available, Wireless based localization
becomes essential. It complements
localization techniques using other sensors
built-in an automatic system. The job
presented within this paper helps make the
following contributions. We've carried out
International Journal of Research
Available at https://edupediapublications.org/journals
p-ISSN: 2348-6848
e-ISSN: 2348-795X
Volume 03 Issue 17
November 2016
Available online: http://internationaljournalofresearch.org/ P a g e | 1018
thorough studies of Wireless signal
propagation qualities both in indoor and
outside conditions, which form the
foundation for Wireless AP deployment and
communication. We've implemented an AP
positioning formula to attain single
coverage. For much better reliability and
localization, we've implemented a k-
coverage AP positioning formula.
II. PREVIOUS STUDY
We simply discuss related operate in
supplying wireless communication within an
oil refinery. We defer the discussion from
the work associated with specific facets of
Wireless communication and localization to
later sections. Previous work provides use
wireless sensor systems for remote
monitoring to identify leaks of dangerous
by-items of oil refineries. While WSNs can
handle being outfitted together with sensors,
the main lack of WSNs is battery existence
in addition to their failure prone nature. An
automatic mobile platform is designed to
provide secure and reliable two-way
wireless communication cheaper and less
maintenance than the usual WSN.
Localization is carried out through a kind of
Synchronized Localization and Mapping.
Localization is carried out through fusing
the inertial navigation system and infrared
sensor with reflective tapes to characterize
specific formed objects. Communication is
made through Wireless for an operator
control station or through Bluetooth to some
nearby handheld device. While both systems
use Wireless for communication and
localization, not one of them provide any
particulars. In comparison, our work
introduces an autonomous system able to
localizing to some sub-meter level in indoor
or outside conditions. We offer detailed
discussion from the technical particulars and
extensive performance studies.
Fig.1. Block Diagram of proposed System
III. IMPLEMENTATION
Microcontroller linked to Robot and smoke,
humidity and temperature sensors are linked
to controller through I/O lines. Wireless
module is linked to controller through serial
interface. Robot can move with Wireless
instructions from telnet Application. Talent
obtainable in wise phone. Talent can have
International Journal of Research
Available at https://edupediapublications.org/journals
p-ISSN: 2348-6848
e-ISSN: 2348-795X
Volume 03 Issue 17
November 2016
Available online: http://internationaljournalofresearch.org/ P a g e | 1019
all sensor status in mobile application. This
project uses controlled 5V 500mA power. A
7805 three terminal current regulator can be
used for current regulation. Bridge type full
wave rectifier can be used to rectify the ac
creation of secondary of 230/12V step lower
transformer. Two kinds of data are conveyed
between your robot and also the control
station. Control information has got the
greater priority because it notifies the robot
how you can act and react, i.e.: whether it's
direct movement instructions through
teleportation or even more general
instructions for example telling the robot of
the new place to go for inspection. Tele-
operation and emergency stop is a couple of
procedures that need real-time
communication and should be performed
through the robot whatever the condition of
sensor information. For instance, when the
operator gets to be a report describing low
pressure inside a tank, the robot should have
the ability to drive upstream from the tank,
start to transmit acoustic information, after
which drive across the pipe to find out if
there's an obvious leak. When the
communication between your robot and
control station occasions out, the robot halts
- this really is for the utmost safety from the
surrounding atmosphere as well as the robot
itself. When multiple APs are situated near
to one another, we have to figure out how
different channels should be utilized by each
AP to prevent interference. The next
subsections describe the calculations
employed for these reasons. When figuring
out positioning of APs inside a given
atmosphere, the needed minimum
throughput that supports both control
information and sensor information should
be maintained to guarantee communication
at each location within the atmosphere. This
involves that anytime, the mobile robot
maintain communication range with a
minimum of one AP.
International Journal of Research
Available at https://edupediapublications.org/journals
p-ISSN: 2348-6848
e-ISSN: 2348-795X
Volume 03 Issue 17
November 2016
Available online: http://internationaljournalofresearch.org/ P a g e | 1020
While a dense network spread with an
atmosphere is capable of this, it's pricey.
Therefore, the only-coverage Wireless AP
positioning issue is to look for the minimum
quantity of APs as well as their locations to
ensure that each location within the
atmosphere can achieve a minimum of one
AP, given an area and throughput needs per
the applying. Since the Wireless
infrastructure continues to be deployed, we
are able to apply it localization. Indoor
Wireless localization continues to be
analyzed extensively supplies a survey of
wireless indoor positioning techniques.
When carrying out localization via a
Wireless network, two approaches are
usually taken: signal propagation modeling
and Wireless fingerprinting. A gas and oil
refinery could be regarded as a mix of both
an inside as well as an outside atmosphere
because of the nature from the layout, so a
number of studies were carried out to know
how Wireless signals propagate both in
indoor and outside conditions. Particularly,
we read the impact of distance, transmission
power, or speed from the mobile robot
around the lower and upper bounds of
received signal strength indicator,
bandwidth, and packet delivery ratio.
IV. CONCLUSION
In this particular work we define the types of
communication required to deploy an
autonomous robot. For just about any
automatic system to autonomously navigate
inside a coal and oil refinery, it needs to be
capable of speak with the control room in
addition to localize itself. Wireless
fingerprinting based localization was created
that achieves a suitable precision when
utilized by it and achieves preferred
precision when combined with INS and
fiducially marker based approach. We study
Wireless signal propagation characteristics
and employ the findings to discover
Wireless AP positioning. We assign
channels to interfering APs.
REFERENCES
[1] B. Graf and K. Pfeiffer, “Mobile robotics
for offshore automation,” Proceedings of the