Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships
01 Aug 1997-Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (American Psychological Association)-Vol. 73, Iss: 2, pp 321-336
TL;DR: Evidence is found consistent with the hypotheses that the relationship between receiving an apology from and forgiving one's offender is a function of increased empathy for the offender and that forgiving is uniquely related to conciliatory behavior and avoidance behavior toward the offending partner.
Abstract: Forgiving is a motivational transformation that inclines people to inhibit relationship-destructive responses and to behave constructively toward someone who has behaved destructively toward them. The authors describe a model of forgiveness based on the hypothesis that people forgive others to the extent that they experience empathy for them. Two studies investigated the empathy model of forgiveness. In Study 1, the authors developed measures of empathy and forgiveness. The authors found evidence consistent with the hypotheses that (a) the relationship between receiving an apology from and forgiving one's offender is a function of increased empathy for the offender and (b) that forgiving is uniquely related to conciliatory behavior and avoidance behavior toward the offending partner. In Study 2, the authors conducted an intervention in which empathy was manipulated to examine the empathy-forgiving relationship more closely. Results generally supported the conceptualization of forgiving as a motivational phenomenon and the empathy-forgiving link.
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TL;DR: This paper examined the overall level of willingness to forgive expressed by Moslem and Christian Lebanese adults who lived through the Lebanese civil war, examining the factorial structure of the responses given, and studying the way education, community, and other characteristics were related to the factors structure, and comparing Lebanese data with data previously gathered by Mullet et al.
Abstract: The study was aimed at (a) examining the overall level of willingness to forgive expressed by Moslem and Christian Lebanese adults who lived through the Lebanese civil war, (b) examining the factorial structure of the responses given, (c) studying the way education, community, and other characteristics were related to the factorial structure, and (d) comparing Lebanese data with data previously gathered by Mullet et al. (1998) in France. A sample of 240 participants from six different communities, Shiite, Sunni, Druze, Catholic, Orthodox, and Maronite, was asked to express their degree of agreement with 38 statements related to forgiveness in general or in specific circumstances. A three-factor solution was found. Overall, participants expressed significant disagreement with statements expressing the desire to seek revenge (the Forgiveness versus Revenge factor), and disagreement with statements indicating that the attitude of "close others" was important (the Social and Personal Circumstances factor). Th...
28 citations
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the influence of variables on the pardonnabilité of an individual in relation to the caractéristiques propres à l'individu.
Abstract: .............................................................................................................................................................. iii Liste des tableaux .............................................................................................................................................. vii Liste des figures ................................................................................................................................................ viii Liste des acronymes ........................................................................................................................................... ix Remerciements .................................................................................................................................................... x Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Chapitre 1. Problématique ...................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Scandale écologique .............................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Volonté à pardonner ............................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Variables susceptibles d’influencer la pardonnabilité ........................................................................ 6 1.4 Question de recherche, objectif et contributions de l’étude .............................................................. 8 Chapitre 2. Recension des écrits ........................................................................................................ 9 2.1 Scandale de marque : description et application au domaine écologique ....................................... 9 2.2 Pardonnabilité....................................................................................................................................... 11 2.2.1 Origine et fondement ....................................................................................................................... 11 2.2.2 Contexte de consommation ............................................................................................................ 13 2.3 Influence des caractéristiques propres à l’individu .......................................................................... 14 2.3.1 Valeurs écologiques ........................................................................................................................ 15 2.3.2 Implication écologique ..................................................................................................................... 18 2.3.3 Croyance en l’authenticité de la responsabilité sociale d’entreprise ............................................... 20 2.4 Influence des variables modératrices................................................................................................. 21 2.4.1 Attachement émotionnel à la marque .............................................................................................. 21 2.4.2 Genre du répondant ........................................................................................................................ 23 2.5 Influence du contexte du scandale ..................................................................................................... 25 2.5.1 Gravité perçue du scandale ............................................................................................................ 26 Chapitre 3. Hypothèses de recherche et modèle conceptuel ............................................... 28 Chapitre 4. Méthodologie ...................................................................................................................... 33 4.1 Population à l’étude ............................................................................................................................. 33 4.2 Méthode de collecte ............................................................................................................................. 34 4.3 Méthode de recherche ......................................................................................................................... 36 4.3.1 Design expérimental ....................................................................................................................... 36
28 citations
Cites background from "Interpersonal forgiving in close re..."
...…dimensions, étant couramment utilisées pour illustrer la volonté à pardonner dans un contexte interpersonnel (Bies et al., 2015; McCullough, 2000; McCullough et al., 1997; Rusbult, Zembrodt, et Gunn, 1982; Siamagka et Christodoulides, 2016; Yagil et Luria, 2015), sont mobilisées dans le cadre de…...
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..., 2015), les aveux et excuses de la part de l’entreprise (Brocato, Peterson, et Crittenden, 2012; McCullough et al., 1997; Tsarenko et Tojib, 2015) ou l’intensité du blâme (reproche) perçu de la transgression (Joireman, Grégoire, Devezer, et Tripp, 2013; Yagil et Luria, 2016), la gravité perçue demeure un des meilleurs prédicteurs de la pardonnabilité (Fincham, Jackson et Beach, 2005)....
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...Ces trois dimensions, étant couramment utilisées pour illustrer la volonté à pardonner dans un contexte interpersonnel (Bies et al., 2015; McCullough, 2000; McCullough et al., 1997; Rusbult, Zembrodt, et Gunn, 1982; Siamagka et Christodoulides, 2016; Yagil et Luria, 2015), sont mobilisées dans le cadre de ce mémoire et cette définition tridimensionnelle de la pardonnabilité, suggérée par Bies et ses collaborateurs (2015), est employée....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study consumers' reactions when sharing services fail, drawing on attribution theory, they show that consumers forgive the failure of sharing services, and that they forgive the service providers.
Abstract: Despite rapid growth of the sharing economy, little is known about consumers’ reactions when sharing services fail. Drawing on attribution theory, in three studies we show that consumers forgive su...
28 citations
Cites background or result from "Interpersonal forgiving in close re..."
...For instance, in their empathy-forgiveness model, McCullough et al. (1997) hypothesize empathy to be a central facilitative condition that leads to forgiveness in an interpersonal relationship and conclude that people who forgave the offending partner experienced empathy toward the offender....
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...The McCullough et al. (1997)’s empathy-forgiveness model suggests that empathic consumers have a predisposition to forgive the offender....
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...This finding is consistent with extant literature on interpersonal relations (e.g., McCullough et al., 1997), where empathy is only observed in human-to-human interactions....
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...First, empathy is an emotion that is observed only in interpersonal interactions, that is, human-human encounters (McCullough et al., 1997)....
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01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the term Amplio, after the Latin word amplio, meaning to enlarge, increase, or magnify, to enhance positive work-related well-being.
Abstract: The recent rise of positive organisational psychology has laid out the theoretical foundation for research into positive work-related well-being. Now the time has come to translate this theoretical knowledge into practical positive work-related interventions. To that end, we introduce the term amplition in this article, after the Latin word amplio, meaning to enlarge, increase, or magnify. Interventions focused on amplition aim to enhance positive work-related well-being. This kind of interventions have hardly been designed, let alone tested among employees. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate that the essential ingredients for these interventions are basically at hand. It is suggested to use the existing empirical knowledge on happiness interventions and on validated implementation techniques to compose work-related interventions focused on amplition. We conclude that work-related interventions should not focus exclusively on employees who are stressed or burned-out, but also on employees who are functioning well, but not yet optimally.
28 citations
References
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TL;DR: Two 10-item mood scales that comprise the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) are developed and are shown to be highly internally consistent, largely uncorrelated, and stable at appropriate levels over a 2-month time period.
Abstract: In recent studies of the structure of affect, positive and negative affect have consistently emerged as two dominant and relatively independent dimensions. A number of mood scales have been created to measure these factors; however, many existing measures are inadequate, showing low reliability or poor convergent or discriminant validity. To fill the need for reliable and valid Positive Affect and Negative Affect scales that are also brief and easy to administer, we developed two 10-item mood scales that comprise the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The scales are shown to be highly internally consistent, largely uncorrelated, and stable at appropriate levels over a 2-month time period. Normative data and factorial and external evidence of convergent and discriminant validity for the scales are also presented.
34,482 citations
TL;DR: A new coefficient is proposed to summarize the relative reduction in the noncentrality parameters of two nested models and two estimators of the coefficient yield new normed (CFI) and nonnormed (FI) fit indexes.
Abstract: Normed and nonnormed fit indexes are frequently used as adjuncts to chi-square statistics for evaluating the fit of a structural model A drawback of existing indexes is that they estimate no known population parameters A new coefficient is proposed to summarize the relative reduction in the noncentrality parameters of two nested models Two estimators of the coefficient yield new normed (CFI) and nonnormed (FI) fit indexes CFI avoids the underestimation of fit often noted in small samples for Bentler and Bonett's (1980) normed fit index (NFI) FI is a linear function of Bentler and Bonett's non-normed fit index (NNFI) that avoids the extreme underestimation and overestimation often found in NNFI Asymptotically, CFI, FI, NFI, and a new index developed by Bollen are equivalent measures of comparative fit, whereas NNFI measures relative fit by comparing noncentrality per degree of freedom All of the indexes are generalized to permit use of Wald and Lagrange multiplier statistics An example illustrates the behavior of these indexes under conditions of correct specification and misspecification The new fit indexes perform very well at all sample sizes
21,588 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1958TL;DR: The psychology of interpersonal relations as mentioned in this paper, The psychology in interpersonal relations, The Psychology of interpersonal relationships, کتابخانه دیجیتال و فن اطلاعات دانشگاه امام صادق(ع)
Abstract: The psychology of interpersonal relations , The psychology of interpersonal relations , کتابخانه دیجیتال و فن آوری اطلاعات دانشگاه امام صادق(ع)
15,254 citations
Additional excerpts
...Social psychologists have also addressed interpersonal forgiving from time to time (Darby & Schlenker, 1982; Gahagan & Tedeschi, 1968; Heider, 1958; Horai, Lindskold, Gahagan, & Tedeschi, 1969; Weiner, Graham, Peter, & Zmuidinas, 1991)....
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TL;DR: A scale of current subjective distress, related to a specific event, was based on a list of items composed of commonly reported experiences of intrusion and avoidance, and responses indicated that the scale had a useful degree of significance and homogeneity.
Abstract: Clinical, field, and experimental studies of response to potentially stressful life events give concordant findings: there is a general human tendency to undergo episodes of intrusive thinking and periods of avoidance. A scale of current subjective distress, related to a specific event, was based on a list of items composed of commonly reported experiences of intrusion and avoidance. Responses of 66 persons admitted to an outpatient clinic for the treatment of stress response syndromes indicated that the scale had a useful degree of significance and homogeneity. Empirical clusters supported the concept of subscores for intrusions and avoidance responses.
7,692 citations
TL;DR: The Dyadic Adjustment Scale as discussed by the authors is a measure for assessing the quality of marriage and other similar dyads, which is designed for use with either married or unmarried cohabiting couples.
Abstract: This study reports on the development of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, a new measure for assessing the quality of marriage and other similar dyads. The 32-item scale is designed for use with either married or unmarried cohabiting couples. Despite widespread criticisms of the concept of adjustment, the study proceeds from the pragmatic position that a new measure, which is theoretically grounded, relevant, valid, and highly reliable, is necessary since marital and dyadic adjustment continue to be researched. This factor analytic study tests a conceptual definition set forth in eariler work and suggests the existence of four empirically verified components of dyadic adjustment which can be used as subscales [dyadic satisfaction, dyadic cohesion, dyadic consensus and affectional expression]. Evidence is presented suggesting content, criterion-related, and construct validity. High scale reliability is reported. The possibility of item weighting is considered and endorsed as a potential measurement technique, but it not adopted for the present Dyadic Adjustment Scale. It is concluded that the Dyadic Adjustment Scale represents a significant improvement over other measures of marital adjustment, but a number of troublesome methodological issues remain for future research.
6,899 citations