Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships
01 Aug 1997-Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (American Psychological Association)-Vol. 73, Iss: 2, pp 321-336
TL;DR: Evidence is found consistent with the hypotheses that the relationship between receiving an apology from and forgiving one's offender is a function of increased empathy for the offender and that forgiving is uniquely related to conciliatory behavior and avoidance behavior toward the offending partner.
Abstract: Forgiving is a motivational transformation that inclines people to inhibit relationship-destructive responses and to behave constructively toward someone who has behaved destructively toward them. The authors describe a model of forgiveness based on the hypothesis that people forgive others to the extent that they experience empathy for them. Two studies investigated the empathy model of forgiveness. In Study 1, the authors developed measures of empathy and forgiveness. The authors found evidence consistent with the hypotheses that (a) the relationship between receiving an apology from and forgiving one's offender is a function of increased empathy for the offender and (b) that forgiving is uniquely related to conciliatory behavior and avoidance behavior toward the offending partner. In Study 2, the authors conducted an intervention in which empathy was manipulated to examine the empathy-forgiving relationship more closely. Results generally supported the conceptualization of forgiving as a motivational phenomenon and the empathy-forgiving link.
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TL;DR: This paper investigated whether forgivingness interacted with chronological age or future time perspective to predict affect at the trait and daily level, and found that the associations between forgivingness and affective well-being differ somewhat based on age and future-time perspective, and level of analysis.
Abstract: Though dispositional forgiveness has been associated with affective well-being, it remains unclear whether these associations are consistent throughout adulthood. The current study investigated whether forgivingness interacted with chronological age or future time perspective to predict affect at the trait and daily level. Participants (n = 332, mean age: 45.5 years) completed baseline measures of forgivingness, positive and negative affect, and future time perspective, along with daily assessments of positive and negative affect for up to ten days. Results suggest that the associations between forgivingness and affective well-being differ somewhat based on age and future time perspective, and level of analysis.
8 citations
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TL;DR: SIGCHI Bulletin this article will move on-line to a Bulletin section of the www.sigchi.org website, and some columns will continue on their own websites, and others are wrapping up as their authors and editors move on to other ventures.
Abstract: May/June 2003 3 Last month I wrote about the changes underway with SIGCHI Bulletin. In short, SIGCHI’s \"society news\" will move on-line to a Bulletin section of the www.sigchi.org website; a couple of columns (notably \"HCI and the Web\" and \"Book Reviews\") will become part of interactions magazine, some columns will continue on their own websites, and others are wrapping up as their authors and editors move on to other ventures.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze the capacidad of parents to perdon in relation to the age and sex of their children, as well as the reasons that facilitate perdon, i.e., falta de rencor, reconciliación and comprension empatia.
Abstract: Este estudio tiene dos objetivos: 1) analizar la capacidad de
perdon en funcion de la edad y sexo, y 2) investigar dos aspectos relacionados con el perdon, su definicion y las circunstancias o razones que lo facilitan. La metodologia del estudio es descriptiva y comparativa. La muestra se configura con 140 participantes, 70 hijos y 70 padres, de ambos sexos y con edades entre 17-25 anos y 45-60 anos, respectivamente. Los participantes mas jovenes fueron reclutados en instituciones educativas en el pais Vasco (Espana). Para medir las variables dependientes, se utilizan dos instrumentos: la escala de evaluacion de la capacidad de perdonar, CAPER, y la escala del perdon y factores facilitadores, ESPER.
Los resultados indican que los padres tienen mas capacidad
de perdon que sus hijos y las mujeres mas que los varones.
En la definicion del perdon, padres e hijos tienen similares
concepciones: “falta de rencor, reconciliacion y comprension empatia”; sin embargo, varones y mujeres tienen mas diferencias, aunque para ambos “la falta de rencor” es la primera caracteristica que define el perdon. Sobre las razones que facilitan el perdon, se observan diferencias en funcion de la edad y del sexo; pese a las diferencias, “que haya arrepentimiento de la otra parte y se pida perdon” asi como “que se haga justicia por medio de la ley”, son los argumentos que mayor peso tienen. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados.
8 citations
TL;DR: This paper investigated whether forgiveness mediates the relationship between responsibility attributions and marital outcomes among American and Indian couples using the actor-partner intimate relationship in two studies, and found that it does not.
Abstract: We investigated, in two studies, whether forgiveness mediates the relationship between responsibility attributions and marital outcomes among American and Indian couples using the actor–partner int...
8 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined whether the current forgiveness attitudes of deponents are associated with the response that they received from the Truth Commission panel at public hearings, and found no evidence that the panel actively encouraged or coerced deponents to forgive.
Abstract: In the aftermath of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission, anecdotal claims that the Truth Commission panel may have encouraged or coerced deponents to forgive perpetrators of human rights abuses have not yet been systematically investigated. This exploratory study examined whether the current forgiveness attitudes of deponents are associated with the response that they received from the Truth Commission panel at public hearings. Participants who had given public testimony (N = 20) completed the Enright Forgiveness Inventory. The public testimony transcripts of forgiving and unforgiving participants were then compared using a blend of qualitative and quantitative methods to explore differences in the response the Truth Commission panel gave to deponents. The analysis found no evidence that the Truth Commission panel actively encouraged or coerced deponents to forgive. However, participants who are currently very forgiving were significantly more likely to be asked by the Truth Commission p...
8 citations
References
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TL;DR: Two 10-item mood scales that comprise the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) are developed and are shown to be highly internally consistent, largely uncorrelated, and stable at appropriate levels over a 2-month time period.
Abstract: In recent studies of the structure of affect, positive and negative affect have consistently emerged as two dominant and relatively independent dimensions. A number of mood scales have been created to measure these factors; however, many existing measures are inadequate, showing low reliability or poor convergent or discriminant validity. To fill the need for reliable and valid Positive Affect and Negative Affect scales that are also brief and easy to administer, we developed two 10-item mood scales that comprise the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The scales are shown to be highly internally consistent, largely uncorrelated, and stable at appropriate levels over a 2-month time period. Normative data and factorial and external evidence of convergent and discriminant validity for the scales are also presented.
34,482 citations
TL;DR: A new coefficient is proposed to summarize the relative reduction in the noncentrality parameters of two nested models and two estimators of the coefficient yield new normed (CFI) and nonnormed (FI) fit indexes.
Abstract: Normed and nonnormed fit indexes are frequently used as adjuncts to chi-square statistics for evaluating the fit of a structural model A drawback of existing indexes is that they estimate no known population parameters A new coefficient is proposed to summarize the relative reduction in the noncentrality parameters of two nested models Two estimators of the coefficient yield new normed (CFI) and nonnormed (FI) fit indexes CFI avoids the underestimation of fit often noted in small samples for Bentler and Bonett's (1980) normed fit index (NFI) FI is a linear function of Bentler and Bonett's non-normed fit index (NNFI) that avoids the extreme underestimation and overestimation often found in NNFI Asymptotically, CFI, FI, NFI, and a new index developed by Bollen are equivalent measures of comparative fit, whereas NNFI measures relative fit by comparing noncentrality per degree of freedom All of the indexes are generalized to permit use of Wald and Lagrange multiplier statistics An example illustrates the behavior of these indexes under conditions of correct specification and misspecification The new fit indexes perform very well at all sample sizes
21,588 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1958TL;DR: The psychology of interpersonal relations as mentioned in this paper, The psychology in interpersonal relations, The Psychology of interpersonal relationships, کتابخانه دیجیتال و فن اطلاعات دانشگاه امام صادق(ع)
Abstract: The psychology of interpersonal relations , The psychology of interpersonal relations , کتابخانه دیجیتال و فن آوری اطلاعات دانشگاه امام صادق(ع)
15,254 citations
Additional excerpts
...Social psychologists have also addressed interpersonal forgiving from time to time (Darby & Schlenker, 1982; Gahagan & Tedeschi, 1968; Heider, 1958; Horai, Lindskold, Gahagan, & Tedeschi, 1969; Weiner, Graham, Peter, & Zmuidinas, 1991)....
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TL;DR: A scale of current subjective distress, related to a specific event, was based on a list of items composed of commonly reported experiences of intrusion and avoidance, and responses indicated that the scale had a useful degree of significance and homogeneity.
Abstract: Clinical, field, and experimental studies of response to potentially stressful life events give concordant findings: there is a general human tendency to undergo episodes of intrusive thinking and periods of avoidance. A scale of current subjective distress, related to a specific event, was based on a list of items composed of commonly reported experiences of intrusion and avoidance. Responses of 66 persons admitted to an outpatient clinic for the treatment of stress response syndromes indicated that the scale had a useful degree of significance and homogeneity. Empirical clusters supported the concept of subscores for intrusions and avoidance responses.
7,692 citations
TL;DR: The Dyadic Adjustment Scale as discussed by the authors is a measure for assessing the quality of marriage and other similar dyads, which is designed for use with either married or unmarried cohabiting couples.
Abstract: This study reports on the development of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, a new measure for assessing the quality of marriage and other similar dyads. The 32-item scale is designed for use with either married or unmarried cohabiting couples. Despite widespread criticisms of the concept of adjustment, the study proceeds from the pragmatic position that a new measure, which is theoretically grounded, relevant, valid, and highly reliable, is necessary since marital and dyadic adjustment continue to be researched. This factor analytic study tests a conceptual definition set forth in eariler work and suggests the existence of four empirically verified components of dyadic adjustment which can be used as subscales [dyadic satisfaction, dyadic cohesion, dyadic consensus and affectional expression]. Evidence is presented suggesting content, criterion-related, and construct validity. High scale reliability is reported. The possibility of item weighting is considered and endorsed as a potential measurement technique, but it not adopted for the present Dyadic Adjustment Scale. It is concluded that the Dyadic Adjustment Scale represents a significant improvement over other measures of marital adjustment, but a number of troublesome methodological issues remain for future research.
6,899 citations