Intervención mediante exposición multimedia en un caso de fobia infantil a las avispas

TLDR: In this paper, a case of a 13-year-old high school student with wasp phobia is presented; its characteristics would correspond to a diagnosis of specific phobia of animal type (DSM-5).

Abstract: espanolSe presenta el caso clinico de un adolescente de 13 anos, estudiante de secundaria, con una fobia especifica de tipo animal, a las avispas (DSM-5). Se realizo un diseno de caso unico A-B con seguimiento y se realizo un tratamiento de exposicion progresiva. La evaluacion incluyo los cuestionarios FSSC-R, STAI-E/R, FSQ-avispas y EI y un test de evitacion conductual multimedia en el que se tomaron medidas de ansiedad subjetiva y de tasa cardiaca ante los diversos estimulos presentados. La intervencion duro seis sesiones con cuatro fases de exposicion multimedia: fotografias, videos, avispas simuladas y avispas reales. Se observo un descenso en las puntuaciones de los cuestionarios especificos de ansiedad y de las valoraciones subjetivas de ansiedad a lo largo de las sesiones. No hubo cambios en la tasa cardiaca. El seguimiento a los 9 y a los 16 meses mostro que se mantenian los resultados obtenidos con la terapia. El tratamiento resulto con exito y al terminar el adolescente podia estar sin paralizarse y sin sentir ansiedad frente a las avispas reales. EnglishThe clinical case of a 13-year-old high school student with wasp phobia is presented; its characteristics would correspond to a diagnosis of specific phobia of animal type (DSM-5). An A-B single case design with follow-up was performed, and a progressive exposure treatment was performed in different phases. A prepost assessment was also performed with the specific questionnaires (FSS-R, STAIE/R, FSQ-wasp, and EI) and a multimedia behavioural avoidance test in which measures of subjective anxiety and heart rate were taken during the stimuli presentations. The intervention was designed to run for six sessions in four phases of multimedia exposition: photographs, videos, simulated and real wasps. The results showed a decrease in the scores of specific anxiety questionnaires, also the subjective assessment of anxiety progressively decreased throughout the sessions. There was no change in heart rate. A follow-up was also carried out at 9 and 16 months, where the results obtained with the therapy were maintained. The treatment was successful and at the end the adolescent could be confronted with real wasps without being paralysed or anxious.