Journal ArticleDOI
Intervention studies and the definition of dominant transmission routes
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
The implications for the analysis of real-world data are analyzed by examining data on the importance of water and other transmission routes for cholera in Bangladesh by using a quantitative model to generate synthetic data.Abstract:
A common approach to assessing the relative importance of different transmission routes is to eliminate transmission through one route and assume that the ratio "number of cases eliminated:number of residual cases" measures the relative importance of the eliminated route vis-a-vis the residual transmission route. A quantitative model is used to generate synthetic data similar to those analyzed by epidemiologists. These data are analyzed using this conventional procedure and the inferences drawn from the synthetic data compared with the causal relationships structured into the model. The implications for the analysis of real-world data are analyzed by examining data on the importance of water and other transmission routes for cholera in Bangladesh.read more
Citations
More filters
Book ChapterDOI
Waterborne Transmission of Infectious Agents
TL;DR: For infectious agents with multiple transmission routes, it may be difficult to determine the attributable risk associated with waterborne transmission compared to other routes of transmission, especially in areas where waterborne diseases are endemic.
Journal ArticleDOI
Water Management, Rainwater Harvesting and Predictive Variables in Rural Households
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between the dependent variable (rural domestic rainwater management) and the independent predictive variables (personal characteristics, tank size, years of water harvest, rainwater harvesting associations, usage instructions including water borne health risk, and tank operation and maintenance) in Uganda.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multipathway Quantitative Assessment of Exposure to Fecal Contamination for Young Children in Low-Income Urban Environments in Accra, Ghana: The SaniPath Analytical Approach.
Yuke Wang,Christine L. Moe,Clair Null,Suraja Raj,Kelly K. Baker,Katharine Robb,Habib Yakubu,Joseph A. Ampofo,Nii Wellington,Matthew C. Freeman,George E. Armah,Heather Reese,Dorothy Peprah,Peter Teunis +13 more
TL;DR: The fecal microbe transfer network constructed here provides a systematic approach to study the complex interaction between contaminated environment and human behavior on exposure to feces, and allows us to identify the contribution of any sources of fecal contamination in the environment to child exposure.
Posted Content
Determinants of Diarrheal Disease in Jakarta
TL;DR: Alberini et al. as mentioned in this paper found that individual defensive behavior is influenced by exposure to contamination and income and education, as expected, and that defensive effort intensifies with exposure to contaminants and with income.
Journal Article
Can the case-control method be used to assess the impact of water supply and sanitation on diarrhoea? A study in the Philippines.
TL;DR: Improved sanitation reduced the episodes of bacterial diarrhea by 40%, and that case-control studies with sample sizes of about of about 500 cases and 500 controls are adequate to detect disease reductions of 33% or more.
References
More filters
Book
On the Mode of Communication of Cholera
TL;DR: It would occupy a long time to give an account of the progress of cholera over different parts of the world, with the devastation it has caused in some places, whilst it has passed lightly over others, or left them untouched; and unless this account could be accompanied with a description of the physical condition of the places, and the habits of the people, which I am unable to give, it would be of little use.
Journal ArticleDOI
Response of man to infection with Vibrio cholerae. I. Clinical, serologic, and bacteriologic responses to a known inoculum.
Richard A. Cash,S. I. Music,Joseph P. Libonati,Merrill J. Snyder,Richard P. Wenzel,Richard B. Hornick +5 more
TL;DR: The spectrum of illness and the immunologic response produced by cholera in volunteers were studied and Titers of vibriocidal antibody rose after diarrhea, peaked the second week after challenge, and rapidly fell during the next four weeks.
Journal Article
Effect of investments in water supply and sanitation on health status: a threshold-saturation theory.
TL;DR: A preliminary attempt to validate this model using published data on sanitation level, life expectancy, and adult literacy rates, for 65 developing countries appears to provide preliminary support for the threshold saturation theory but further empirical validation is required before a quantitative predictive model can be developed.
Journal Article
Microbiological surveillance of intra-neighbourhood E1 Tor cholera transmission in rural Bangladesh.
TL;DR: Results show that cholera transmission was via contaminated surface water, particularly water taken into households for cooking or drinking, and the frequency of exposure appeared to be a major determinant of the infection rate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regression Analyses and Education Production Functions: Can They Be Trusted?
Daniel F Luecke,Noel F. McGinn +1 more
TL;DR: Luecke and McGinn as mentioned in this paper showed that many "no significant effect" findings may be artifacts of statistical techniques used to analyze cross-sectional survey data, and compared the statistics thus yielded with their knowledge of the causal relationships programmed into the data.