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Journal ArticleDOI

Interventions to enhance testing, linkage to care and treatment uptake for hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs: A systematic review

01 Sep 2017-International Journal of Drug Policy (Elsevier)-Vol. 47, pp 34-46
TL;DR: In the direct acting antiviral treatment era, well-designed studies evaluating interventions to enhance a simplified care cascade are crucial in facilitating treatment scale-up.
About: This article is published in International Journal of Drug Policy.The article was published on 2017-09-01. It has received 158 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Clinical trial.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Graham S Cooke1, Isabelle Andrieux-Meyer2, Tanya L. Applegate3, Rifat Atun4, Jessica R Burry, Hugo Cheinquer5, G.M. Dusheiko6, Jordan J. Feld7, Charles Gore, Max Griswold8, Saeed Hamid9, Margaret Hellard10, Jinlin Hou, J. Howell11, Jidong Jia, Natalia Kravchenko, Jeffrey V. Lazarus12, Maud Lemoine1, Olufunmilayo A. Lesi13, Liudmyla Maistat, Brian J. McMahon14, Homie Razavi, Teri Roberts, Bryony Simmons1, Mark W. Sonderup15, C Wendy Spearman15, Bridie E Taylor, David L. Thomas16, Imam Waked, John W. Ward17, Stefan Wiktor8, Ayman Abdo8, Rakesh Aggarwal, Alessio Aghemo, Bandar Al-Judaibi, Mamun Al Mahtab, Arshad Altaf, Zyaad Ameen, Tarik Asselah, Oidov Baatarkkhuu, Ella Barber, Eleanor Barnes, Pascale Boulet, Louise Burrows, Maia Butsashvili, Erica Chan, Chelsea Chow, Ben Cowie, Chris Cunningham, Alexandre de Araujo, Graciela Diap, G.J. Dore, Joseph Doyle, Manal Elsayed, Emmanuel Fajardo, Edward Gane, Aneley Getahun, David J. Goldberg, Tiffany Got, Matthew Hickman, Andrew F. Hill, Sharon J. Hutchinson, Christopher R. Jones, Saleem Kamili, Amreen Khan, Alice Lee, Tin Yan Lee, Jioiji Malani, Tammy Meyers Morris, Shevanthi Nayagam, Richard Njouom, Ponsiano Ocama, Alisa Pedrana, Rosanna W. Peeling, Amulya Reddy, Jilian A. Sacks, Shiv Kumar Sarin, Yusuke Shimakawa, Marcela Silva, Pavlo Skala, Simon D. Taylor-Robinson, Alexander J. Thompson, Mark Thursz, Alfred Tonganibeia, Jack Wallace, James Ward, Fernando Herz Wolff, Peter Vickerman, Johnny Yau 
TL;DR: Key recommendations include a greater focus on national progress towards elimination with support given, if necessary, through innovative financing measures to ensure elimination programmes are fully funded by 2020.

353 citations

01 Jan 2018

188 citations


Cites background from "Interventions to enhance testing, l..."

  • ...Specific interventions improve coverage (180)....

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  • ...Specific interventions can improve linkage (180) to a package of care that includes treatment (182) and addresses other medical and/or psychosocial issues....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Responsibility to DAA therapy was favourable among people with recent drug use (including those who inject) and those receiving opioid substitution therapy, supporting broadening access in these populations.

171 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although, globally, 39.2% of people with recent injecting drug use are living with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and 8.5% of all HCV infections occur globally among people with recently injected drug use, there is wide variation among countries and regions.
Abstract: People who have recently injected drugs are a priority population in efforts to achieve hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination. This study estimated the prevalence and number of people with recent injecting drug use living with HCV, and the proportion of people with recent injecting drug use among all people living with HCV infection at global, regional, and country-levels. Data from a global systematic review of injecting drug use and HCV antibody prevalence among people with recent (previous year) injecting drug use were used to estimate the prevalence and number of people with recent injecting drug use living with HCV. These data were combined with a systematic review of global HCV prevalence to estimate the proportion of people with recent injecting drug use among all people living with HCV. There are an estimated 6.1 million [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 3.4-9.2] people with recent injecting drug use aged 15-64 years living with HCV globally (39.2% viraemic prevalence; UI 31.6-47.0), with the greatest numbers in East and Southeast Asia (1.5 million, UI 1.0-2.1), Eastern Europe (1.5 million, UI 0.7-2.4), and North America (1.0 million, UI 0.4-1.7). People with recent injecting drug use comprise an estimated 8.5% (UI 4.6-13.1) of all HCV infections globally, with the greatest proportions in North America (30.5%, UI 11.7-56.7), Latin America (22.0%, UI 15.3-30.4), and Eastern Europe (17.9%, UI 8.2-30.9). Although globally about forty percent of people with recent injecting drug use are living with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and almost nine percent of all HCV infections globally occur among people with recent injecting drug use, there is wide variation among countries and regions. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney; Australian National Health and Medical Research Council; John C Martin Foundation.

168 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Grebely et al. as discussed by the authors discussed why PWID should be considered as a priority population in these efforts, reasons why this goal could be attainable among PWID, challenges that need to be overcome, and key recommendations for action.
Abstract: Introduction : Globally, there is a considerable burden of HCV and HIV infections among people who inject drugs (PWID) and transmission of both infections continues. Needle and syringe programme (NSP) and opioid substitution therapy (OST) coverage remains low, despite evidence demonstrating their prevention benefit. Direct-acting antiviral therapies (DAA) with HCV cure >95% among PWID provide an opportunity to reverse rising trends in HCV-related morbidity and mortality and reduce incidence. However, HCV testing, linkage to care, and treatment remain low due to health system, provider, societal, and patient barriers. Between 2015 and 2030, WHO targets include reducing new HCV infections by 80% and HCV deaths by 65%, and increasing HCV diagnoses from <5% to 90% and number of eligible persons receiving HCV treatment from <1% to 80%. This commentary discusses why PWID should be considered as a priority population in these efforts, reasons why this goal could be attainable among PWID, challenges that need to be overcome, and key recommendations for action. Discussion : Challenges to HCV elimination as a global health concern among PWID include poor global coverage of harm reduction services, restrictive drug policies and criminalization of drug use, poor access to health services, low HCV testing, linkage to care and treatment, restrictions for accessing DAA therapy, and the lack of national strategies and government investment to support WHO elimination goals. Key recommendations for action include reforming drug policies (decriminalization of drug use and/or possession, or providing alternatives to imprisonment for PWID; decriminalization of the use and provision of sterile needles-syringes; and legalization of OST for people who are opioid dependent), scaling up and improving funding for harm reduction services, making health services accessible for PWID, supporting community empowerment and community-based programmes, improving access to affordable diagnostics and medicines, and eliminating stigma, discrimination, and violence against PWID. Conclusions : The ambitious targets for HCV elimination set by WHO are achievable in many countries, but will require researchers, healthcare providers, policy makers, affected communities, advocates, the pharmaceutical and diagnostics industries, and governments around the world to work together to make this happen. Keywords HIV; HCV; elimination; drug users; hepatitis C; control; NSP; OST (Published: 28 July 2017) Grebely J et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2017, 20 :22146 http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/article/view/22146 | http://dx.doi.org/10.7448/IAS.20.1.22146

121 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An Explanation and Elaboration of the PRISMA Statement is presented and updated guidelines for the reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses are presented.
Abstract: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are essential to summarize evidence relating to efficacy and safety of health care interventions accurately and reliably. The clarity and transparency of these reports, however, is not optimal. Poor reporting of systematic reviews diminishes their value to clinicians, policy makers, and other users. Since the development of the QUOROM (QUality Of Reporting Of Meta-analysis) Statement—a reporting guideline published in 1999—there have been several conceptual, methodological, and practical advances regarding the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Also, reviews of published systematic reviews have found that key information about these studies is often poorly reported. Realizing these issues, an international group that included experienced authors and methodologists developed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) as an evolution of the original QUOROM guideline for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of evaluations of health care interventions. The PRISMA Statement consists of a 27-item checklist and a four-phase flow diagram. The checklist includes items deemed essential for transparent reporting of a systematic review. In this Explanation and Elaboration document, we explain the meaning and rationale for each checklist item. For each item, we include an example of good reporting and, where possible, references to relevant empirical studies and methodological literature. The PRISMA Statement, this document, and the associated Web site (http://www.prisma-statement.org/) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

25,711 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
12 Oct 2016-BMJ
TL;DR: Risk of Bias In Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions is developed, a new tool for evaluating risk of bias in estimates of the comparative effectiveness of interventions from studies that did not use randomisation to allocate units or clusters of individuals to comparison groups.
Abstract: Non-randomised studies of the effects of interventions are critical to many areas of healthcare evaluation, but their results may be biased. It is therefore important to understand and appraise their strengths and weaknesses. We developed ROBINS-I (“Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions”), a new tool for evaluating risk of bias in estimates of the comparative effectiveness (harm or benefit) of interventions from studies that did not use randomisation to allocate units (individuals or clusters of individuals) to comparison groups. The tool will be particularly useful to those undertaking systematic reviews that include non-randomised studies.

8,028 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Explanation and Elaboration document explains the meaning and rationale for each checklist item and includes an example of good reporting and, where possible, references to relevant empirical studies and methodological literature.

8,021 citations


"Interventions to enhance testing, l..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...This systematic review was conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement (Liberati et al., 2009)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The spectrum of engagement in care for HIV-infected individuals in the United States is reviewed and this information is applied to help understand the magnitude of the challenges that pooragement in care will pose to test-and-treat strategies for HIV prevention.
Abstract: For individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to fully benefit from potent combination antiretroviral therapy, they need to know that they are HIV infected, be engaged in regular HIV care, and receive and adhere to effective antiretroviral therapy. Test-and-treat strategies for HIV prevention posit that expanded testing and earlier treatment of HIV infection could markedly decrease ongoing HIV transmission, stemming the HIV epidemic. However, poor engagement in care for HIV-infected individuals will substantially limit the effectiveness of test-and-treat strategies. We review the spectrum of engagement in care for HIVinfected individuals in the United States and apply this information to help understand the magnitude of the challenges that poor engagement in care will pose to test-and-treat strategies for HIV prevention.

1,746 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: More IDUs have anti-HCV than HIV infection, and viral hepatitis poses a key challenge to public health, which will inform efforts to prevent and treat HCV and HBV in IDUs.

1,189 citations


"Interventions to enhance testing, l..." refers background in this paper

  • ...002 undetermined fraction of those with chronic HCV infection that have ceased injecting drugs (Nelson et al., 2011)....

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  • ...Please cite this article in press as: S. Bajis, et al., Interventions to enhanc infection among people who inject drugs: A systematic review, Inter drugpo.2017.07.002 undetermined fraction of those with chronic HCV infection that have ceased injecting drugs (Nelson et al., 2011)....

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