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Journal ArticleDOI

Intra-household resource allocation: an inferential approach

01 Jan 1990-Journal of Human Resources (Yale University, Economic Growth Center)-Vol. 25, Iss: 4, pp 635-664
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that unearned income in the hands of a mother has a bigger effect on her family's health than income under the control of a father; for child survival probabilities the effect is almost twenty times bigger.
Abstract: If household income is pooled and then allocated to maximize welfare then income under the control of mothers and fathers should have the same impact on demand. With survey data on family health and nutrition in Brazil, the equality of parental income effects is rejected. Unearned income in the hands of a mother has a bigger effect on her family's health than income under the control of a father; for child survival probabilities the effect is almost twenty times bigger. The common preference (or neoclassical) model of the household is rejected. If unearned income is measured with error and income is pooled then the ratio of maternal to paternal income effects should be the same; equality of the ratios cannot be rejected. There is also evidence for gender preference: mothers prefer to devote resources to improving the nutritional status of their daughters, fathers to sons.

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Citations
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01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: The Handbook of Economic Sociology as discussed by the authors is a collection of sociologists, economists, and political scientists from the field of economic sociology with a focus on how economic institutions work and how they are influenced by values and norms.
Abstract: During recent years social scientists have come to reaffirm that understanding almost any facet of social life requires a simultaneous understanding of how economic institutions work and how they are influenced by values and norms. Sociology, and especially economic sociology, is well equipped to be of assistance in this endeavor. Neil Smelser and Richard Swedberg bring together leading sociologists, economists, and political scientists in The Handbook of Economic Sociology, the first comprehensive view of this vital and growing field. "This excellent volume is a compilation of some of the best writing in this field over the past decade, including basic works like Oliver Williamson's transaction cost theory of the firm, and [is] a helpful comparison of economic sociology to mainstream economics." —Francis Fukuyama, Foreign Affairs "This is the first comprehensive theoretical and empirical account of the burgeoning field of economic sociology. The scholarship is consistently strong. . .. The book will be greeted warmly and read by serious scholars throughout the social sciences." —Robert K. Merton "This is a bold, ambitious, almost daunting project. ... It will surely become the standard reference book for the field—the sort of text every scholar will have to know-, consult, and cite." —Viviana Zelizer

2,344 citations

BookDOI
TL;DR: Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) are programs that transfer cash, generally to poor households, on the condition that those households make pre specified investments in the human capital of their children.
Abstract: Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) are programs that transfer cash, generally to poor households, on the condition that those households make pre specified investments in the human capital of their children. The report shows that there is good evidence that CCTs have improved the lives of poor people. Transfers generally have been well targeted to poor households, have raised consumption levels, and have reduced poverty, by a substantial amount in some countries. Offsetting adjustments that could have blunted the impact of transfers, such as reductions in the labor market participation of beneficiaries, have been relatively modest. The report also considers the rationale for conditioning the transfers on the use of specific health and education services by program beneficiaries. Thus CCTs have increased the likelihood that households will take their children for preventive health checkups, but that has not always led to better child nutritional status; school enrollment rates have increased substantially among program beneficiaries, but there is little evidence of improvements in learning outcomes. These findings suggest that to maximize their potential effects on the accumulation of human capital, CCTs should be combined with other programs to improve the quality of the supply of health and education services, and should provide other supporting services.

2,017 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...333 Примечания Обзор 1. данные для разнообразных условий см. в Thomas (1990, 1994); Lundberg, Pollak, and Wales (1997); Duflo (2003); и Ward-Batts (2008)....

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  • ...Lundberg, Pollak, and Wales 1997 на основе анализа британской программы трансфертов делают вывод, что личность получателя имеет значение: например, когда трансферты выплачиваются женщинам, большая доля суммы тратится на одежду для детей, чем в том случае, когда они выплачиваются мужчинам. см. также…...

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  • ...Имеются также косвенные сведения из стран, не входящих в регион Южной азии, которые позволяют сделать вывод, что возможность диктовать свои условия мужчинами и женщинами влияет на уровень инвестиций в человеческий капитал детей. действительно, существует обширная эмпирическая литература,…...

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  • ...Это может происходить по многим причинам. трансферты выплачиваются женщинам, и существуют многочисленные данные, которые позволяют сделать вывод, что у женщин иные предпочтения в потреблении, чем у мужчин (Thomas 1990; Hoddinott and Haddad 1995; Lundberg, Pollak, and Wales 1997; Doss 2006;…...

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Posted Content
TL;DR: The authors review and critique the empirical literature on the links between investments in children and children's attainments, including educational attainment, fertility choices, and work-related outcomes such as earnings and welfare recipiency.
Abstract: We review and critique the empirical literature on the links between investments in children and children's attainments. The primary theoretical perspectives that dominate this literature form the framework for our review. The potential effects on children of family choices and neighborhood characteristics are emphasized. The outcomes of interest include educational attainment, fertility choices, and work-related outcomes such as earnings and welfare recipiency. A set of tables provides details on the existing empirical literature. The focus is on the economics literature, but relevant studies from other social sciences are included as well.

1,971 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors argued that the interrelationships between empowerment and economic development are probably too weak to be self-sustaining, and that continuous policy commitment to equality for its own sake may be needed to bring about equality between men and women.
Abstract: Women empowerment and economic development are closely related: in one direction, development alone can play a major role in driving down inequality between men and women; in the other direction, empowering women may benefit development. Does this imply that pushing just one of these two levers would set a virtuous circle in motion? This paper reviews the literature on both sides of the empowerment– development nexus, and argues that the interrelationships are probably too weak to be self-sustaining, and that continuous policy commitment to equality for its own sake may be needed to bring about equality between men and women.

1,795 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Handbook of Economic Sociology as mentioned in this paper provides a comprehensive view of this vital and growing field, including sociologists, economists, and political scientists, as well as a survey of economic sociology.
Abstract: During recent years social scientists have come to reaffirm that understanding almost any facet of social life requires a simultaneous understanding of how economic institutions work and how they are influenced by values and norms. Sociology, and especially economic sociology, is well equipped to be of assistance in this endeavor. Neil Smelser and Richard Swedberg bring together leading sociologists, economists, and political scientists in The Handbook of Economic Sociology, the first comprehensive view of this vital and growing field.During recent years social scientists have come to reaffirm that understanding almost any facet of social life requires a simultaneous understanding of how economic institutions work and how they are influenced by values and norms. Sociology, and especially economic sociology, is well equipped to be of assistance in this endeavor. Neil Smelser and Richard Swedberg bring together leading sociologists, economists, and political scientists in The Handbook of Economic Sociology, the first comprehensive view of this vital and growing field.

1,638 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a parameter covariance matrix estimator which is consistent even when the disturbances of a linear regression model are heteroskedastic is presented, which does not depend on a formal model of the structure of the heteroSkewedness.
Abstract: This paper presents a parameter covariance matrix estimator which is consistent even when the disturbances of a linear regression model are heteroskedastic. This estimator does not depend on a formal model of the structure of the heteroskedasticity. By comparing the elements of the new estimator to those of the usual covariance estimator, one obtains a direct test for heteroskedasticity, since in the absence of heteroskedasticity, the two estimators will be approximately equal, but will generally diverge otherwise. The test has an appealing least squares interpretation.

25,689 citations

Book
01 Dec 1983

7,118 citations

Book
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: The Delta Method and the Influence Function Cross-Validation, Jackknife and Bootstrap Balanced Repeated Replication (half-sampling) Random Subsampling Nonparametric Confidence Intervals as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Jackknife Estimate of Bias The Jackknife Estimate of Variance Bias of the Jackknife Variance Estimate The Bootstrap The Infinitesimal Jackknife The Delta Method and the Influence Function Cross-Validation, Jackknife and Bootstrap Balanced Repeated Replications (Half-Sampling) Random Subsampling Nonparametric Confidence Intervals.

7,007 citations


"Intra-household resource allocation..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Estimated variance-covariance matrices are corrected for arbitrary heteroskedasticity using the infinitesimal jackknife (Jaeckel, 1976; Efron, 1980) also proposed by White (1980)....

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Journal ArticleDOI

5,474 citations

Journal ArticleDOI

3,332 citations


"Intra-household resource allocation..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...Estimated variance-covariance matrices are corrected for arbitrary heteroskedasticity using the infinitesimal jackknife (Jaeckel 1972, Efron 1982) also proposed by White (1980)....

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  • ...Ulph (1988), Folbre (1984), and Blumberg (1988) argue that bargaining power depends on the proportion of total income each member controls....

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