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Intranasally Administered Neuropeptide S (NPS) Exerts Anxiolytic Effects Following Internalization Into NPS Receptor-Expressing Neurons

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TLDR
The results not only enlighten the path of NPS in the brain, but also establish a non-invasive method for NPS administration in mice, thus strongly encouraging translation into a novel therapeutic approach for pathological anxiety in humans.
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This article is published in Neuropsychopharmacology.The article was published on 2012-01-25 and is currently open access. It has received 79 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Neuropeptide S & Internalization.

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Citations
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Increased brain and plasma oxytocin after nasal and peripheral administration in rats and mice

TL;DR: The data provide the first evidence that nasally applied OXT indeed reaches behaviorally relevant brain areas, and this uptake is paralleled by changes in plasma OXT.
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Neuropeptide receptor ligands as drugs for psychiatric diseases: the end of the beginning?

TL;DR: Preclinical and clinical results for neuropeptide receptor ligands that have been studied in clinical trials for psychiatric diseases, including agents that target the receptors for tachykinins, corticotropin-releasing factor, vasopressin and neurotensin are analyzed and new ways to exploit the full potential of these candidate drugs are suggested.
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Single intranasal neuropeptide Y infusion attenuates development of PTSD-like symptoms to traumatic stress in rats.

TL;DR: Results show that single IN NPY can alter stress-triggered dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and activation of central noradrenergic activity.
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Animal models in translational studies of PTSD.

TL;DR: The current review covers recent translational approaches to bridge the gap between human and animal PTSD research and to create a framework for discovery of biomarkers and novel therapeutics.
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Intranasal neuropeptide Y reverses anxiety and depressive-like behavior impaired by single prolonged stress PTSD model.

TL;DR: Intranasal NPY reversed several behavioral impairments triggered by the traumatic stress of SPS and has potential for non-invasive PTSD therapeutic intervention.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative pcr and the 2(-delta delta c(t)) method

TL;DR: The 2-Delta Delta C(T) method as mentioned in this paper was proposed to analyze the relative changes in gene expression from real-time quantitative PCR experiments, and it has been shown to be useful in the analysis of realtime, quantitative PCR data.
Book

The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates

TL;DR: The 3rd edition of this atlas is now in more practical 14"x11" format for convenient lab use and includes a CD of all plates and diagrams, as well as Adobe Illustrator files of the diagrams, and a variety of additional useful material.
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Stress and the brain: from adaptation to disease

TL;DR: In response to stress, the brain activates several neuropeptide-secreting systems, which eventually leads to the release of adrenal corticosteroid hormones, which subsequently feed back on the brain and bind to two types of nuclear receptor that act as transcriptional regulators as mentioned in this paper.
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Are the Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampus Functionally Distinct Structures

TL;DR: Behavior, anatomical, and gene expression studies that together support a functional segmentation into three hippocampal compartments are reviewed, finding gene expression in the dorsal hippocampus correlates with cortical regions involved in information processing, while genes expressed in the ventral hippocampus correlate with regions involved with emotion and stress.
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Sniffing neuropeptides: a transnasal approach to the human brain

TL;DR: Three peptides were administered intranasally and found that they achieved direct access to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within 30 minutes, bypassing the bloodstream.
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How relevent is the NPS?

The paper demonstrates the relevance of neuropeptide S (NPS) in the treatment of anxiety disorders and establishes a non-invasive method for its administration in mice.