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Intraventricular administration of neuropeptide S has reward-like effects.

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TLDR
The data suggest that intraventricular NPS injections have reward-like effects in that NPS weakly facilitates seeking and induces positive reinforcement, which may depend on intact dopamine and hypocretin systems.
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This article is published in European Journal of Pharmacology.The article was published on 2011-05-01 and is currently open access. It has received 23 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Neuropeptide S & SCH-23390.

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The clinical implications of mouse models of enhanced anxiety

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss manipulations aimed at persistently enhancing anxiety-related behavior in the laboratory mouse using phenotypic selection, genetic techniques and/or environmental manipulations.
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Intranasally Administered Neuropeptide S (NPS) Exerts Anxiolytic Effects Following Internalization Into NPS Receptor-Expressing Neurons

TL;DR: The results not only enlighten the path of NPS in the brain, but also establish a non-invasive method for NPS administration in mice, thus strongly encouraging translation into a novel therapeutic approach for pathological anxiety in humans.
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Hydrolytic instability of the important orexin 1 receptor antagonist SB-334867: possible confounding effects on in vivo and in vitro studies.

TL;DR: It is suggested that studies using SB-334867 (and any other 2-methylbenzoxazole-containing compound) should be performed with great care to avoid the confounding effects of the rapid hydrolytic decomposition of this susceptible structure.
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The role of the neuropeptide S system in addiction: focus on its interaction with the CRF and hypocretin/orexin neurotransmission.

TL;DR: The potential of the NPS system as a treatment target for addiction is analyzed, with particular attention to the interpretation of findings revealing complex neuroanatomical and functional interactions between NPS, CRF, and the Hcrt-1/Ox-A systems.
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Neuropeptide S receptor gene variant and environment: contribution to alcohol use disorders and alcohol consumption

TL;DR: In the general population, the NPSR1 Asn107Ile polymorphism is associated with AUD and alcohol consumption, dependent on sex, environment and age, in line with the impulsivity and personality regulating role of the N PSR1.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Neuropeptide S Stimulates the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis and Inhibits Food Intake

TL;DR: Data demonstrate a novel role for NPS in the stimulation of the HPA axis and the effect of intracerebroventricular administration of NPS on behavior, regulation of theHPA axis, and food intake.
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Neuropeptide S is a stimulatory anxiolytic agent: a behavioural study in mice

TL;DR: The effects of in vivo supraspinal NPS in mice are evaluated and it is shown that in vivo NPS produces a unique behavioural profile by increasing wakefulness and exerting anxiolytic‐like effects.
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Ventral striatal anatomy of locomotor activity induced by cocaine, D-amphetamine, dopamine and D1/D2 agonists.

TL;DR: It is concluded that dopaminergic compounds induce vigorous locomotion and rearing in both core and shell; the relative roles of the core andshell differ depending on chemical compounds.
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The Functional Divide for Primary Reinforcement of D-Amphetamine Lies between the Medial and Lateral Ventral Striatum: Is the Division of the Accumbens Core, Shell, and Olfactory Tubercle Valid?

TL;DR: It is suggested that the current division of the ventral striatum into the accumbens core and shell and the olfactory tubercle does not reflect the functional organization for amphetamine reward, and the current core-shell-tubercle scheme should be reconsidered.
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The role of hypocretin in driving arousal and goal-oriented behaviors

TL;DR: A physiological framework is delineated for this peptidergic system in orchestrating the appropriate levels of alertness required for the elaboration and the execution of goal-oriented behaviors, especially when an organism must respond to unexpected stressors and environmental challenges, which serve to shape survival behaviors.
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