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Book ChapterDOI

Introduction: the history of lasers in medicine

01 Jan 2013-pp 1-13
TL;DR: In this paper, the basic principles of the interaction of laser radiation with tissue are explained and the main factors influencing the results of interaction are analyzed, including spectral reflection, refraction, absorption, scattering, and transmission.
Abstract: On the background of the history of laser medicine, the basic principles of the interaction of laser radiation with tissue are explained and the main factors influencing the results of the interaction are analyzed. After description of .laser radiation and tissue main characteristics, the primary factors of laser radiation interaction with tissue, including spectral reflection, refraction, absorption, scattering, and transmission, are defined. Secondary factors, i.e. photochemical or photothermal interaction (non-ablative heating, vaporization), photo-ablation, plasma-induced ablation, and photo-disruption are then mentioned.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
31 Aug 2020
TL;DR: In the past few decades, the development of excellent materials for the treatment of disease via non-invasive photothermal therapy has received increasing attention as mentioned in this paper, which has led to a number of kinds of nanomaterials being developed.
Abstract: In the past few decades, the development of excellent materials for the treatment of disease via noninvasive photothermal therapy has received increasing attention. Among a number of kinds of nanom...

53 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of Bodipy chromophore with benzimidazole moiety at 2-position have been investigated for its NLO properties.

32 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) meso flanked Bn-OH-BDY dyad is synthesized and investigated by using spectroscopic, fluorescence lifetime decay, electrochemical and DFT method.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Introducing meso substituent directly affects the polarizability and second-order hyperpolarizability of the dyes and the computed β0 value of all the three dyes was found to be superior to that of urea.

16 citations

01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: The literature indicates that the use of PFCs can increase the efficiency of PDT and PTT thereby contributing to a more effective therapy of tumors and other diseases.
Abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) belong to the category of phototherapy and are based on the photophysical generation of either noxious reactive oxygen species, thereby inducing oxidative stress, or rather cell-hostile environmental conditions (local hyperthermia) with the general aim to destroy abnormal tissues. A great advantage of both strategies is the fact that they are minimally invasive by low toxicity for the surrounding healthy tissue. In both cases, photosensitizers and light are inevitable. Furthermore, in PDT oxygen is a mandatory component for generating reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) can donate molecular oxygen tension in the target tissue of interest (tumor tissue) thereby improving PDT outcome in such a hypoxic region. Because applied PFCs can at the same monitored via both, ultrasonic and magnetic resonance imaging techniques, they increase the selectivity of PDT and PTT to target tissue while sparing healthy cells in the surroundings. This selectivity is especially important in tissues such as eye, brain or gastro-intestinal tract. During the last few years a lot of interesting approaches (clinical and preclinical) were developed to improve PDT and PTT with the aid of PFCs. This review informs the astute reader about actual approaches on the use of PFCs in PDT and PTT, respectively. The literature indicates that the use of PFCs can increase the efficiency of PDT and PTT thereby contributing to a more effective therapy of tumors and other diseases.

12 citations


Cites methods from "Introduction: the history of lasers..."

  • ...Regarding laser radiation parameters, typical power densities 10-106 W/cm2 and exposition time 1 μs-1 min are used [30]....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Extinction coefficients k(lambda) for water at 25 degrees C were determined through a broad spectral region by manually smoothing a point by point graph of k( lambda) vs wavelength lambda that was plotted for data obtained from a review of the scientific literature on the optical constants of water.
Abstract: Extinction coefficients k(lambda) for water at 25 degrees C were determined through a broad spectral region by manually smoothing a point by point graph of k(lambda) vs wavelength lambda that was plotted for data obtained from a review of the scientific literature on the optical constants of water. Absorption bands representing k(lambda) were postulated where data were not available in the vacuum uv and soft x-ray regions. A subtractive Kramers-Kronig analysis of the combined postulated and smoothed portions of the k(lambda) spectrum provided the index of refraction n(lambda) for the spectral region 200 nm

4,094 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
J. L. Boulnois1
TL;DR: In this article, the physical processes that govern different microscopic mechanisms of laser-tissue interaction are discussed. And four distinct photophysical groups are considered in a general classification of these specific modes of interaction: continuous wave exposure, photothermal and photochemical transformations; and, for pulsed irradiations, the electromechanical and the photoablative processes.
Abstract: A single diagram, encompassing most medical applications for all types of laser in current use, forms the basis of this review of recent medical developments. Emphasis is placed on the physical processes that govern different microscopic mechanisms of laser-tissue interaction. Four distinct photophysical groups are considered in a general classification of these specific modes of interaction: for continuous wave exposure, the photothermal and the photochemical transformations; and, for pulsed irradiations, the electromechanical and the photoablative processes.

641 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The degree of aiming accuracy, the very small diameter of the laser beam (50 microns) and the use of selector pulses make the laser so precise that it virtually eliminates the risk of damage to the eye or the intraocular lens.

259 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
T. H. Maiman1

259 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The first operating laser was developed by Maiman (1) in 1960, and since that time there has been considerable interest in the scientific and biological applications of this instrument as discussed by the authors, which is an instrument which emits an intense, coherent, directional beam.

199 citations