Introduction to the Finite Element Method
01 Jan 1997-pp 265-342
TL;DR: This chapter introduces the finite element method (FEM) as a tool for solution of classical electromagnetic problems and discusses the main points in the application to electromagnetic design, including formulation and implementation.
Abstract: This chapter introduces the finite element method (FEM) as a tool for solution of classical electromagnetic problems. Although we discuss the main points in the application of the finite element method to electromagnetic design, including formulation and implementation, those who seek deeper understanding of the finite element method should consult some of the works listed in the bibliography section.
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TL;DR: An elastic-plastic finite element model for the frictionless contact of a deformable sphere pressed by a rigid flat is presented in this paper, which provides dimensionless expressions for the contact load, contact area and mean contact pressure, covering a large range of interference values from yielding inception to fully plastic regime of the spherical contact zone.
Abstract: An elastic-plastic finite element model for the frictionless contact of a deformable sphere pressed by a rigid flat is presented. The evolution of the elastic-plastic contact with increasing interference is analyzed revealing three distinct stages that range from fully elastic through elastic-plastic to fully plastic contact interface. The model provides dimensionless expressions for the contact load, contact area, and mean contact pressure, covering a large range of interference values from yielding inception to fully plastic regime of the spherical contact zone. Comparison with previous elastic-plastic models that were based on some arbitrary assumptions is made showing large differences. ©2002 ASME
867 citations
Dissertation•
01 May 1997TL;DR: The cornerstone of this dissertation is a collection of theory relating Krylov projection to rational interpolation, based on which three algorithms for model reduction are proposed, which are suited for parallel or approximate computations.
Abstract: This dissertation focuses on efficiently forming reduced-order models for large, linear dynamic systems. Projections onto unions of Krylov subspaces lead to a class of reduced-order models known as rational interpolants. The cornerstone of this dissertation is a collection of theory relating Krylov projection to rational interpolation. Based on this theoretical framework, three algorithms for model reduction are proposed. The first
algorithm, dual rational Arnoldi, is a numerically reliable approach involving orthogonal projection matrices. The second, rational Lanczos, is an efficient generalization of existing Lanczos-based methods. The third, rational power Krylov, avoids orthogonalization and is suited for parallel or approximate computations. The performance of the three algorithms is compared via a combination of theory and examples. Independent of the precise algorithm, a host of supporting tools are also develop ed to form a complete model-reduction package. Techniques for choosing the matching frequencies, estimating the modeling error, insuring the model's stability, treating multiple-input multiple-output systems, implementing parallelism, and avoiding a need for exact factors of large matrix
pencils are all examined to various degrees
817 citations
Additional excerpts
...Models can frequently be acquired through discretizations such as the common nite di erence and nite element approaches [1]....
[...]
TL;DR: An introduction to IGA applied to simple analysis problems and the related computer implementation aspects is presented, and implementation of the extended IGA which incorporates enrichment functions through the partition of unity method (PUM) is presented.
Abstract: Isogeometric analysis (IGA) represents a recently developed technology in computational mechanics that offers the possibility of integrating methods for analysis and Computer Aided Design (CAD) into a single, unified process. The implications to practical engineering design scenarios are profound, since the time taken from design to analysis is greatly reduced, leading to dramatic gains in efficiency. In this manuscript, through a self-contained Matlab® implementation, we present an introduction to IGA applied to simple analysis problems and the related computer implementation aspects. Furthermore, implementation of the extended IGA which incorporates enrichment functions through the partition of unity method (PUM) is also presented, where several examples for both two-dimensional and three-dimensional fracture are illustrated. We also describe the use of IGA in the context of strong-form (collocation) formulations, which has been an area of research interest due to the potential for significant efficiency gains offered by these methods. The code which accompanies the present paper can be applied to one, two and three-dimensional problems for linear elasticity, linear elastic fracture mechanics, structural mechanics (beams/plates/shells including large displacements and rotations) and Poisson problems with or without enrichment. The Bezier extraction concept that allows the FE analysis to be performed efficiently on T-spline geometries is also incorporated. The article includes a summary of recent trends and developments within the field of IGA.
522 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review is devoted to some inverse problems arising in the context of linear elasticity, namely the identification of distributions of elastic moduli, model parameters or buried objects such as cracks.
Abstract: This review is devoted to some inverse problems arising in the context of linear elasticity, namely the identification of distributions of elastic moduli, model parameters or buried objects such as cracks. These inverse problems are considered mainly for three-dimensional elastic media under equilibrium or dynamical conditions, and also for thin elastic plates. The main goal is to overview some recent results, in an effort to bridge the gap between studies of a mathematical nature and problems defined from engineering practice. Accordingly, emphasis is given to formulations and solution techniques which are well suited to general-purpose numerical methods for solving elasticity problems on complex configurations, in particular the finite element method and the boundary element method. An underlying thread of the discussion is the fact that useful tools for the formulation, analysis and solution of inverse problems arising in linear elasticity, namely the reciprocity gap and the error in constitutive equation, stem from variational and virtual work principles, i.e., fundamental principles governing the mechanics of deformable solid continua. In addition, the virtual work principle is shown to be instrumental for establishing computationally efficient formulae for parameter or geometrical sensitivity, based on the adjoint solution method. Sensitivity formulae are presented for various situations, especially in connection with contact mechanics, cavity and crack shape perturbations, thus enriching the already extensive known repertoire of such results. Finally, the concept of topological derivative and its implementation for the identification of cavities or inclusions are expounded.
411 citations
Cites methods from "Introduction to the Finite Element ..."
...Accordingly, emphasis will be given to formulations and solution techniques which are well suited to general-purpose numerical methods for solving elasticity problems on complex configurations, in particular the finite element method [28, 125] and the boundary element method [23, 40]....
[...]
TL;DR: A new method to reconstruct the elastic modulus of soft tissue subjected to an external static compression is presented and it is shown that the method converges within a few iterations and that strain images artifacts are significantly reduced after the resolution of the inverse problem.
Abstract: A new method to reconstruct the elastic modulus of soft tissue subjected to an external static compression is presented. In this approach the Newton-Raphson method is used to vary a finite element (FE) model of the elasticity equations to fit, in a least squared sense, a set of axial tissue displacement fields estimated using a correlation technique applied to ultrasound signals. The ill-conditioning of the Hessian matrix is eliminated using the Tikhonov regularization technique. This regularization provides a compromise between fidelity to the observed data and a priori information of the solution. Using an echographic image formation model, it is shown that the method converges within a few iterations (8-10) and that strain images artifacts which are common in elastography are significantly reduced after the resolution of the inverse problem.
345 citations
References
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Book•
26 Jun 1995
TL;DR: The Finite Element Method as mentioned in this paper is a method for linear analysis in solid and structural mechanics, and it has been used in many applications, such as heat transfer, field problems, and Incompressible Fluid Flows.
Abstract: 1. An Introduction to the Use of Finite Element Procedures. 2. Vectors, Matrices and Tensors. 3. Some Basic Concepts of Engineering Analysis and an Introduction to the Finite Element Methods. 4. Formulation of the Finite Element Method -- Linear Analysis in Solid and Structural Mechanics. 5. Formulation and Calculation of Isoparametric Finite Element Matrices. 6. Finite Element Nonlinear Analysis in Solid and Structural Mechanics. 7. Finite Element Analysis of Heat Transfer, Field Problems, and Incompressible Fluid Flows. 8. Solution of Equilibrium Equations in State Analysis. 9. Solution of Equilibrium Equations in Dynamic Analysis. 10. Preliminaries to the Solution of Eigenproblems. 11. Solution Methods for Eigenproblems. 12. Implementation of the Finite Element Method. References. Index.
8,068 citations
"Introduction to the Finite Element ..." refers background in this paper
...4 where integration points are numbered as (1)....
[...]
...With shape functions, any field inside element is presented as: u(ξ) = ∑ Niui , i = 1, 2, 3 At nodes the approximated function should be equal to its nodal value: u(−1) = u1 u(0) = u2 u(1) = u3 Since the element has three nodes the shape functions can be quadratic polynomials (with three coefficients)....
[...]
...The shape function N1 can be written as: N1 = α1 + α2ξ + α3ξ(2) Unknown coefficients αi are defined from the following system of equations: N1(−1) = α1 − α2 + α3 = 1 N1(0) = α1 = 0 N1(1) = α1 + α2 + α3 = 0 The solution is: α1 = 0, α2 = −1/2, α3 = 1/2....
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17 Aug 2012
TL;DR: De Borst et al. as mentioned in this paper present a condensed version of the original book with a focus on non-linear finite element technology, including nonlinear solution strategies, computational plasticity, damage mechanics, time-dependent effects, hyperelasticity and large-strain elasto-plasticity.
Abstract: Built upon the two original books by Mike Crisfield and their own lecture notes, renowned scientist Rene de Borst and his team offer a thoroughly updated yet condensed edition that retains and builds upon the excellent reputation and appeal amongst students and engineers alike for which Crisfield's first edition is acclaimed. Together with numerous additions and updates, the new authors have retained the core content of the original publication, while bringing an improved focus on new developments and ideas. This edition offers the latest insights in non-linear finite element technology, including non-linear solution strategies, computational plasticity, damage mechanics, time-dependent effects, hyperelasticity and large-strain elasto-plasticity. The authors' integrated and consistent style and unrivalled engineering approach assures this book's unique position within the computational mechanics literature.
2,568 citations
TL;DR: An elastic-plastic finite element model for the frictionless contact of a deformable sphere pressed by a rigid flat is presented in this paper, which provides dimensionless expressions for the contact load, contact area and mean contact pressure, covering a large range of interference values from yielding inception to fully plastic regime of the spherical contact zone.
Abstract: An elastic-plastic finite element model for the frictionless contact of a deformable sphere pressed by a rigid flat is presented. The evolution of the elastic-plastic contact with increasing interference is analyzed revealing three distinct stages that range from fully elastic through elastic-plastic to fully plastic contact interface. The model provides dimensionless expressions for the contact load, contact area, and mean contact pressure, covering a large range of interference values from yielding inception to fully plastic regime of the spherical contact zone. Comparison with previous elastic-plastic models that were based on some arbitrary assumptions is made showing large differences. ©2002 ASME
867 citations
Dissertation•
01 May 1997TL;DR: The cornerstone of this dissertation is a collection of theory relating Krylov projection to rational interpolation, based on which three algorithms for model reduction are proposed, which are suited for parallel or approximate computations.
Abstract: This dissertation focuses on efficiently forming reduced-order models for large, linear dynamic systems. Projections onto unions of Krylov subspaces lead to a class of reduced-order models known as rational interpolants. The cornerstone of this dissertation is a collection of theory relating Krylov projection to rational interpolation. Based on this theoretical framework, three algorithms for model reduction are proposed. The first
algorithm, dual rational Arnoldi, is a numerically reliable approach involving orthogonal projection matrices. The second, rational Lanczos, is an efficient generalization of existing Lanczos-based methods. The third, rational power Krylov, avoids orthogonalization and is suited for parallel or approximate computations. The performance of the three algorithms is compared via a combination of theory and examples. Independent of the precise algorithm, a host of supporting tools are also develop ed to form a complete model-reduction package. Techniques for choosing the matching frequencies, estimating the modeling error, insuring the model's stability, treating multiple-input multiple-output systems, implementing parallelism, and avoiding a need for exact factors of large matrix
pencils are all examined to various degrees
817 citations
TL;DR: An introduction to IGA applied to simple analysis problems and the related computer implementation aspects is presented, and implementation of the extended IGA which incorporates enrichment functions through the partition of unity method (PUM) is presented.
Abstract: Isogeometric analysis (IGA) represents a recently developed technology in computational mechanics that offers the possibility of integrating methods for analysis and Computer Aided Design (CAD) into a single, unified process. The implications to practical engineering design scenarios are profound, since the time taken from design to analysis is greatly reduced, leading to dramatic gains in efficiency. In this manuscript, through a self-contained Matlab® implementation, we present an introduction to IGA applied to simple analysis problems and the related computer implementation aspects. Furthermore, implementation of the extended IGA which incorporates enrichment functions through the partition of unity method (PUM) is also presented, where several examples for both two-dimensional and three-dimensional fracture are illustrated. We also describe the use of IGA in the context of strong-form (collocation) formulations, which has been an area of research interest due to the potential for significant efficiency gains offered by these methods. The code which accompanies the present paper can be applied to one, two and three-dimensional problems for linear elasticity, linear elastic fracture mechanics, structural mechanics (beams/plates/shells including large displacements and rotations) and Poisson problems with or without enrichment. The Bezier extraction concept that allows the FE analysis to be performed efficiently on T-spline geometries is also incorporated. The article includes a summary of recent trends and developments within the field of IGA.
522 citations