Introductory mycology / Constantine J. Alexopoulos, Charles W. Mims ; artwork by Sung-Huang Sun and Raymond W. Scheetz.
01 Jan 1979-
About: The article was published on 1979-01-01. It has received 18 citations till now.
Citations
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: Antifungal activity was found lost in many extracts after treatment with trypsin, which shows that the activity was due to proteins or peptides, but not due to some other compounds.
Abstract: About three quarters of the world population relies mainly on plants and plant extracts for health care. The global annual sale of botanicals is over $62 billion. This data clearly depict the importance of medicinal plants in health and economy. The extracts of some potential medicinal plants such as Hygrophila auriculata, Abrus precatorius, Moringa oleifera, Withania somnifera, Croton tiglium, Solarium nigrum and Psoralea corylifolia were investigated against pathogenic fungal strains of Aspergillus tamarii, Rhizopus solani, Mucor mucedo and Aspergillus niger. After extraction the extracts were purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G-100) by using Tris HCl as an extraction buffer. Antifungal activity of the extracts was determined by disc diffusion assay. Antifungal activity was found lost in many extracts after treatment with trypsin, which shows that the activity was due to proteins or peptides, but not due to some other compounds.
71 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of biological extracts on the storage qualities of West African soft cheese was evaluated in a completely randomized design model within a 15-day period, and the results showed that the ginger extract treatment extended the shelf life of cheese for 15 days.
Abstract: The effect of biological extracts on the storage qualities of West African soft cheese was evaluated in a completely randomized design model within a 15-day period. The control and the treated cheeses were stored under ambient temperature and assessed for the pH, titrable acidity, moisture content and crude protein. The pH and titrable acidity rose (P<0.05) with ginger extract preservant. The crude protein and moisture content were increased (P<0.05) by preservation. The ginger extract was found to be the most effective method of reducing microbial load, followed closely by the garlic extract. The ginger extract treatment extended the shelf life of cheese for 15 days. Treatment of West African soft cheese with ginger extract may not markedly alter the nutritional quality but appeared promising as it has a preservative property.
49 citations
TL;DR: The characteristics of the first division of the conchospore and the change in ploidy at the two-celled stage indicate that meiosis I occurs during the germination division of The Porphyra torta Krishnamurthy alga.
Abstract: A cytological study of the heteromorphic marine red alga Porphyra torta Krishnamurthy was conducted to determine where meiosis occurs in the life history. Chromosome counts in all developmental stages of the conchocelis phase, including the maturing conchospores up to the time of release, were diploid. In contrast, all chromosome counts in twoand three-celled sporelings were haploid. Unusual chromosome formations, interpreted s bivalents, were seen during prophase of the First division of the germinating conchospores. In addition, chromosomes still composed of two chromatids could be seen during anaphase of the first division. The characteristics of the first division of the conchospore and the change in ploidy at the two-celled stage indicate that meiosis I occurs during the germination division of the conchospores of this alga.
34 citations
TL;DR: It is important to provide individual protection equipment for professionals, adopt hospital infection control measures, raise the awareness of the presence of fungus infection, improve air circulation around the environment, periodically clean the air conditioners, and make health professionals alert to the importance of these fungi in the hospital environment.
Abstract: With the aim of identifying the fungus microbiota in air conditioners in intensive care units (ICUs) within public and private hospitals in Teresina, Piaui, solid material was collected from ten different ICUs. Thirty-three species of Moniliaceae and Dematiaceae were isolated, which was the first report of these in Piaui. High frequencies of Aspergillus niger Van Tieghem (60%), Aspergillus fumigatus Fres (50%), Trichoderma koningii Oudem (50%) and Aspergillus flavus Link: Fr. (40%) were recorded. The air conditioner cleanliness validity had expired in all the ICUs, and the quantity of colony-forming units exceeded the levels permitted by Law 176/00 from the Ministry of Health. It is important to provide individual protection equipment for professionals, adopt hospital infection control measures, raise the awareness of the presence of fungus infection, improve air circulation around the environment, periodically clean the air conditioners, and make health professionals alert to the importance of these fungi in the hospital environment.
25 citations
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: A compilation of the papers that were presented at the regional meetings of the forest and conservation nursery associations in the United States and Canada in 2007 can be found in this paper, where the authors present a collection of papers from the 2007 meeting of the Forest Nursery Association of British Columbia.
Abstract: These proceedings are a compilation of the papers that were presented at the regional meetings of the forest and conservation nursery associations in the United States and Canada in 2007. The Northeastern Forest and Conservation Nursery Association meeting was held July 16 to 19 at the Grappone Conference Center in Concord, NH. The meeting was hosted by the New Hampshire State Forest Nursery. Subject matter for the technical sessions included seed collection, handling, and storage, soil management, seedling nutrition, disease management, and fumigation alternatives. Field trips included an afternoon tour of the New Hampshire State Forest Nursery in Boscawen, NH, and a full day tour of the White Mountain National Forest, including timber management and wilderness projects across the Kancamagus Highway, and Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. The combined meeting of the Forest Nursery Association of British Columbia and the Western Forest and Conservation Nursery Association was held at the Mary Winspear Centre in Sidney, BC, on September 17 to 19. The meeting was hosted by the Forest Nursery Association of British Columbia. Subject matter for the technical sessions included global climate change, business practices and marketing, forest nursery practices, nursery technology, disease management, and labor management. An afternoon field trip included tours of the Arbutus Grove Nursery Limited, Eurosa Gardens Limited, and Church and State Wines on the Saanich Peninsula.
15 citations
References
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: Antifungal activity was found lost in many extracts after treatment with trypsin, which shows that the activity was due to proteins or peptides, but not due to some other compounds.
Abstract: About three quarters of the world population relies mainly on plants and plant extracts for health care. The global annual sale of botanicals is over $62 billion. This data clearly depict the importance of medicinal plants in health and economy. The extracts of some potential medicinal plants such as Hygrophila auriculata, Abrus precatorius, Moringa oleifera, Withania somnifera, Croton tiglium, Solarium nigrum and Psoralea corylifolia were investigated against pathogenic fungal strains of Aspergillus tamarii, Rhizopus solani, Mucor mucedo and Aspergillus niger. After extraction the extracts were purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G-100) by using Tris HCl as an extraction buffer. Antifungal activity of the extracts was determined by disc diffusion assay. Antifungal activity was found lost in many extracts after treatment with trypsin, which shows that the activity was due to proteins or peptides, but not due to some other compounds.
71 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of biological extracts on the storage qualities of West African soft cheese was evaluated in a completely randomized design model within a 15-day period, and the results showed that the ginger extract treatment extended the shelf life of cheese for 15 days.
Abstract: The effect of biological extracts on the storage qualities of West African soft cheese was evaluated in a completely randomized design model within a 15-day period. The control and the treated cheeses were stored under ambient temperature and assessed for the pH, titrable acidity, moisture content and crude protein. The pH and titrable acidity rose (P<0.05) with ginger extract preservant. The crude protein and moisture content were increased (P<0.05) by preservation. The ginger extract was found to be the most effective method of reducing microbial load, followed closely by the garlic extract. The ginger extract treatment extended the shelf life of cheese for 15 days. Treatment of West African soft cheese with ginger extract may not markedly alter the nutritional quality but appeared promising as it has a preservative property.
49 citations
TL;DR: The characteristics of the first division of the conchospore and the change in ploidy at the two-celled stage indicate that meiosis I occurs during the germination division of The Porphyra torta Krishnamurthy alga.
Abstract: A cytological study of the heteromorphic marine red alga Porphyra torta Krishnamurthy was conducted to determine where meiosis occurs in the life history. Chromosome counts in all developmental stages of the conchocelis phase, including the maturing conchospores up to the time of release, were diploid. In contrast, all chromosome counts in twoand three-celled sporelings were haploid. Unusual chromosome formations, interpreted s bivalents, were seen during prophase of the First division of the germinating conchospores. In addition, chromosomes still composed of two chromatids could be seen during anaphase of the first division. The characteristics of the first division of the conchospore and the change in ploidy at the two-celled stage indicate that meiosis I occurs during the germination division of the conchospores of this alga.
34 citations
TL;DR: This work has attempted to provide a historial overview as well as the current taxonomy for this group of fungi, an up-to-date assessment of the scope of infections caused by various coelomycetous genera, their clinical entities, useful tools for isolation and identification, and general guidelines for the appropriate management and treatment of these mycoses.
Abstract: Most human mycoses are incited by fungi that replicate by the production of asexual propagules (usually called conidia), which are readily dispersed throughout nature and also in vitro. Fungi that are acquired in this manner include a diversity of yeasts and dermatophytes, as well as those whose acquisition is primarily pulmonary, such as the thermally dimorphic primary pathogens, and several opportunistic genera such as Aspergillus, Fusarium and others. Recent reports, however, indicate an increasing number of infections, ranging from superficial to systemic, that are due to coelomycetous fungi. In these fungi, the asexual spores are produced within fruiting bodies referred to as a conidiomata. As these conidia are less frequently airborne, the method of acquisition is commonly by traumatic implantation of plant material or by a diversity of contaminated fomites, rather than by inhalation. These infections are also more commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals. In this work, we have attempted to provide a historial overview as well as the current taxonomy for this group of fungi, an up-to-date assessment of the scope of infections caused by various coelomycetous genera, their clinical entities, useful tools for isolation and identification, and general guidelines for the appropriate management and treatment of these mycoses.
26 citations
TL;DR: It is important to provide individual protection equipment for professionals, adopt hospital infection control measures, raise the awareness of the presence of fungus infection, improve air circulation around the environment, periodically clean the air conditioners, and make health professionals alert to the importance of these fungi in the hospital environment.
Abstract: With the aim of identifying the fungus microbiota in air conditioners in intensive care units (ICUs) within public and private hospitals in Teresina, Piaui, solid material was collected from ten different ICUs. Thirty-three species of Moniliaceae and Dematiaceae were isolated, which was the first report of these in Piaui. High frequencies of Aspergillus niger Van Tieghem (60%), Aspergillus fumigatus Fres (50%), Trichoderma koningii Oudem (50%) and Aspergillus flavus Link: Fr. (40%) were recorded. The air conditioner cleanliness validity had expired in all the ICUs, and the quantity of colony-forming units exceeded the levels permitted by Law 176/00 from the Ministry of Health. It is important to provide individual protection equipment for professionals, adopt hospital infection control measures, raise the awareness of the presence of fungus infection, improve air circulation around the environment, periodically clean the air conditioners, and make health professionals alert to the importance of these fungi in the hospital environment.
25 citations