Inventory, distribution, and dispersal pattern of epiphytic Rhododendron at Eka Karya Botanic Gardens Bali
TL;DR: In this article, the distribution and distribution patterns of epiphytic Rhododendron populations that grow naturally in Eka Karya Botanic Gardens Bali (KREK) were investigated.
Abstract: Epiphytic Rhododendrons is an important component in an ecosystem, but there is not much information and studies related to its ecology This research aims to inventory and study the distribution and distribution patterns of Rhododendron populations that grow naturally in Eka Karya Botanic Gardens Bali (KREK) Random sampling method was employed to census the host trees especially old ones (more than 20 years) that overgrown with Rhododendrons The results showed that there is one species of epiphytic Rhododendron identified in the KREK, namely Rhododendron javanicum It is found typically in thin substrate thickness with moderate light intensity, mostly in zone III and IV There were five host species, namely Bischofia javanica Blume, Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laub, Glochidion rubrum Blume, Prunus sp, and Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp with a total number of 31 trees The results of this study would provide considerations for KREK managers to conserve, develop and utilize policies of epiphytic Rhododendron species
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30 Nov 2018
TL;DR: The diversity, distribution, and distribution of epiphytic ferns and its phorophyte trees in the forests of Bedugul, Bali are determined by purposive random sampling.
Abstract: Epiphytic ferns grow attached to the phorophyte tree or rocks. This study aims to determine the diversity, distribution of epiphytic ferns and its phorophyte trees in the forests of Bedugul, Bali. The method used in this study was purposive random sampling. The study recorded 24 species of epiphytic ferns in the forest of Bedugul Bali (16 species in Bukit Pengelengan, 12 species in Bukit Tapak and 12 species in Bukit Lesung). Epiphytic ferns found limited in one study area are Arthropteris palisotii, Goniophlebium subauriculatum, Loxogramme avenia, Oleandra pistillaris, Asplenium caudatum, Belvisia mucronata, Ctenopteris obliquata, Davallia pentaphylla, Davallia solida, Drynaria sp., Hymenophyllum sp., Monogramma trichoidea and Nephrolepis sp1. Epiphytic ferns found spread over in more than one study areas are Asplenium nidus, Belvisia spicata, Davallia denticulata, Goniophlebium percisifolium, Pyrrosia varia and Selliguea enervis. The highest-distributed species of epiphytic ferns are occupied by Belvisia spicata and Davallia denticulate. There are 33 species of phorophyte trees recorded (22 species in Bukit Pengelengan, 21 species in Bukit Tapak and 11 species in Bukit Lesung). The favorite phorophyte trees are Platea latifolia in Bukit Pangelangan, Syzygium zollingerianum. in Bukit Tapak and Engelhardia spicata in Bukit Lesung. Key words: Bedugul, distribution, diversity, epiphytes fern. ABSTRAK Paku epifit merupakan tumbuhan paku yang tumbuh menempel pada pohon inang (phoropyte) atau bebatuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman serta persebaran paku epifit dan pohon inangnya di kawasan hutan Bedugul Bali. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan metode purposive random sampling. Hasil penelitian mencatat 24 jenis tumbuhan paku epifit yang teramati di kawasan hutan Bedugul Bali. Jumlah tersebut tersebar di Bukit Pengelengan 16 jenis, di Bukit Tapak 12 jenis dan di Bukit Lesung 12 jenis. Jenis paku epifit yang persebaranya terbatas hanya di satu area studi adalah Arthropteris palisotii, Goniophlebium subauriculatum, Loxogramme avenia, Oleandra pistillaris, Asplenium caudatum, Belvisia mucronata, Ctenopteris obliquata, Davallia pentaphylla, Davallia solida, Drynaria sp., Hymenophyllum sp., Monogramma trichoidea dan Neprolepis sp1. Sedangkan jenis yang tersebar di lebih dari satu area studi adalah Asplenium nidus, Belvisia spicata, Davallia denticulata, Goniophlebium percisifolium, Pyrrosia varia dan Selliguea enervis. Jenis paku epifit yang berdistribusi paling luas adalah Belvisia spicata dan Davallia denticulata. Keanekaragaman pohon inang tercatat 33 jenis (Bukit Pengelengan 22 jenis, Bukit Tapak 21 jenis dan Bukit Lesung 11 jenis). Jenis pohon inang yang disenangi oleh jenis tumbuhan paku epifit bervariasi, di Bukit Pengelengan adalah Platea latifolia, di Bukit Tapak adalah Syzygium zollingerianum dan di Bukit Lesung adalah Engelhardia spicata. Kata kunci: Bedugul, epifit, keanekaragaman, persebaran.
5 citations
01 Dec 2016
TL;DR: The objectives of this research was to study the characteristics of host trees for orchids naturally grown at Mataue Village, Lore Lindu National Park and revealed that the host trees have general characteristics inciluding big stem, cracked and hard bark, some of them have peeled off and coarse bark.
Abstract: Orchidacea is a family of fower plant having varous amount of species. It was estimated to have about 15,000 – 20,000 species. Orchids can grow not only in the tropics and sub tropics but also grow in various range of altitudes. Besides that, orchids are also known to grow as epiphyt as well as on the soil, rocks and marsh and all are called terrestrial orchid. The largest distribution of orchids is found in the tropical rain forest. The objectives of this research was to study the characteristics of host trees for orchids naturally grown at Mataue Village, Lore Lindu National Park. The method used was line transect (four lines) each with 200 m in length. Each line consisted of five plots with the size of 20 m x 20 m and the distance between plots was 20 m. The total number of observaion plots were 20. The result of the research revealed that the host trees includes Arenga pinnata , Macaranga sp, Syzigium sp, Colophyllum sp, Canarium sp, Cyathea sp, Ficus sp, Glochidion lucidum sp, Lithocarpus sp, Engelhardtia serrata Blume dan Durio zibethinus Merr. The aforementioned host trees have general characteristics inciluding big stem, cracked and hard bark, some of them have peeled off and coarse bark. Specific to Macaranga sp and Glochidium lucidum , orchids grow om the lower part of the tree and have sufficient amout of solar radiation. Keywords: host tree, orchids, Lore Lindu National Park
3 citations
13 Oct 2016
TL;DR: The results of this study could be used to increase the number of Rhododendron spp.
Abstract: Hingga saat ini belum banyak data hasil penelitian tentang fenologi Rhododendron spp. Penelitian fenologi Rhododendron spp. sangat dibutuhkan untuk upaya pengembangan pemanfaatan koleksi. Studi fenologi Rhododendron spp. (Subgenus Vireya) telah dilakukan di pembibitan Kebun Raya Eka Karya Bali dari bulan Januari 2008 sampai dengan Desember 2010. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui fenologi Rhododendron spp. (Subgenus Vireya). Metode yang digunakan ialah model kelas/grading. Dari hasil pengamatan masa berbunga dan berbuah 14 jenis Rhododendron spp. yang dipelajari diketahui bahwa Rhododendron dapat dikelompokkan menjadi tiga yaitu: (1). Rhododendron yang berbunga pada bulan–bulan tertentu saja, (2) Rhododendron yang berbunga sepanjang tahun, dan (3). Rhododendron yang belum atau tidak berbunga. Faktor lingkungan seperti suhu dan kelembaban udara juga mempengaruhi jumlah jenis Rhododendron yang dapat berbunga dan berbuah. Bulan Mei merupakan bulan di mana paling banyak jenis Rhododendron yang berbunga, sedangkan untuk masa buah siap panen bervariasi tiap tahunnya. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan jumlah koleksi Rhododendron spp. koleksi Kebun Raya Eka Karya Bali, dasar untuk penelitian kawin silang (breeding), dan pengoleksian biji (seed bank). Until now there are a lot of data resulted from phenology researches on of Rhododendron spp. Phenology research of Rhododendron spp. is needed to develop utility of their collection. The phenology study of Rhododendron spp. (subgenus vireya) was conducted at Bali Botanical Garden from January 2008 to Desember 2010. This study aimed to determine the phenology of Rhododendron spp. (subgenus vireya). The method used was the classroom/grading model. From the observation it was known period of flowering and fruiting 14 species of Rhododendron and grouped into three categories, namely: (1) Rhododendron which blooming in certain month only, (2) Rhododendron which blooming throughout the year, and (3) Rhododendron which not or not yet flowering. Environmental factors such as temperature and humidity also affected the amount of Rhododendron species that can flower and bear fruit. May was the appropriate month for flowering of the Rhododendron where most species flowered, while for the fruit ready for harvest varied each year. The results of this study could be used to increase the number of Rhododendron spp. collections in Bali Botanical Gardens, the basis for intercross research (breeding), and collecting of seeds (seed banks).
2 citations
DOI•
01 Aug 2014TL;DR: Inventory of epiphyte orchid species was conducted at Eka Karya Bali Botanic Garden on 26 September to 17 October, 2009 and showed that there were 34 known species of orchids belonging to 14 genera, Bulbophyllum was the highest number of species.
Abstract: Inventory of epiphyte orchid species was conducted at Eka Karya Bali Botanic Garden on 26 September to 17 October, 2009. The host trees were selected randomly (purposive randomized sampling), especially selected host trees for epiphyte orchid. The results showed that there were 34 known species of orchids belonging to 14 genera. Bulbophyllum was the highest number of species (seven species). Generally, epiphytic orchids grew on thin substrate with light intensity and mostly on zone IV. There were 162 species as host trees, which were dominated by Prunus puddum Roxb. ex Wall ., Araucaria bidwillii Hook ., Toona sureni (Blume) Merr. , Syzygium racemosum (Blume) DC. , and Syzygium zollingerianum (Miq.) Amsh .
2 citations
TL;DR: Red listing is a critical point in implementing conservation strategy of Indonesian Rhododendron spp.
Abstract: Red listing is a critical point in implementing conservation strategy of Indonesian Rhododendron spp. Some problems might be encountered during the process. Firstly, many of Indonesian Rhododendron species are on data deficient status, especially for non-Java species. Secondly, the existence of unstable species list that contains species names only known from few specimens. Thirdly, the legality of the conservation status for natural hybrids. Thus, promoting their natural habitat conservation and make them as monitoring remote areas for botanic gardens would be an important part of the conservation strategy.
1 citations
References
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TL;DR: This paper presented a mixture model of dispersal that assumes a range of disperal patterns, both local and long distance, and compared the mixture model with classical models of seed dispersal.
Abstract: Dispersal affects community dynamics and vegetation response to global change. Understanding these effects requires descriptions of dispersal at local and regional scales and statistical models that permit estimation. Classical models of dispersal describe local or long-distance dispersal, but not both. The lack of statistical methods means that models have rarely been fitted to seed dispersal in closed forests. We present a mixture model of dispersal that assumes a range of disperal patterns, both local and long distance. The bivariate Student’s t or “2Dt” follows from an assumption that the distance parameter in a Gaussian model varies randomly, thus having a density of its own. We use an inverse approach to “compete” our mixture model against classical alternatives, using seed rain databases from temperate broadleaf, temperate mixed-conifer, and tropical floodplain forests. For most species, the 2Dt model fits dispersal data better than do classical models. The superior fit results from the potential f...
858 citations
TL;DR: This review focuses on vascular epiphytes, i.e. structurally dependent plants that do not parasitize their hosts, and knowledge on the strength of their host specificity is still scanty.
Abstract: Information on the degree of host specificity is fundamental for an understanding of the ecology of structurally dependent plants such as vascular epiphytes. Starting with the seminal paper of A.F.W. Schimper on epiphyte ecology in the late 19th century over 200 publications have dealt with the issue of host specificity in vascular epiphytes. We review and critically discuss this extensive literature. The available evidence indicates that host ranges of vascular epiphytes are largely unrestricted while a certain host bias is ubiquitous. However, tree size and age and spatial autocorrelation of tree and epiphyte species have not been adequately considered in most statistical analyses. More refined null expectations and adequate replication are needed to allow more rigorous conclusions. Host specificity could be caused by a large number of tree traits (e.g. bark characteristics and architectural traits), which influence epiphyte performance. After reviewing the empirical evidence for their relevance, we conclude that future research should use a more comprehensive approach by determining the relative importance of various potential mechanisms acting locally and by testing several proposed hypotheses regarding the relative strength of host specificity in different habitats and among different groups of structurally dependent flora.
134 citations
"Inventory, distribution, and disper..." refers background in this paper
...Informasi tentang tingkat spesifisitas inang sangat penting untuk memahami ekologi tumbuhan epifit berpembuluh yang bergantung pada struktur tumbuhan inangnya (Wagner et al. 2015)....
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01 Jan 2015
103 citations
TL;DR: Six putative mechanisms of epiphyte species diversity are identified, and possible direct and indirect linkages among the mechanisms are highlighted, including constrained dispersal, slow growth rate, substrate availability, host tree mortality, disturbance, and global climate change.
Abstract: Epiphytic plants are important components of the forest ecosystem, but little is known about their ecology due to logistical constraints and the lack of a conceptual framework to guide epiphyte community studies. Given the present state of knowledge and renewed interests in epiphyte community studies, a mechanistic framework is needed to guide investigations of epiphyte assemblages. This article identifies six putative mechanisms of epiphyte species diversity, and highlights possible direct and indirect linkages among the mechanisms. The mechanisms include constrained dispersal, slow growth rate, substrate availability, host tree mortality, disturbance, and global climate change. They are identified as inherent, local- and stand-level, and landscape-level mechanisms. Evidence supporting the proposed mechanisms and their linkages is typically inductive due to inadequate observational and manipulative studies. Sufficient testing and experimental manipulations over broad spatial and temporal scales are neces...
41 citations
TL;DR: Results from both the controlled and natural release experiments indicate that in open landscapes the vast majority of R. ponticum seeds travel less than 10 m, but that a very small proportion travel more than 50 m, and the development of mechanistic wind dispersal models offers great potential for helping develop efficient control programmes for invasive alien plants.
Abstract: Rhododendron ponticum (Ericaceae) is a serious invasive alien plant in the British Isles and is of considerable conservation and economic concern While optimal control strategies for single individuals and small stands of R ponticum are well described, effective regional control of the plant demands an improved understanding of its spatial dynamics, in particular its dispersal ecology Here, we describe the results of two field experiments designed to quantify the dispersal pattern of R ponticum seeds: (1) controlled release over a few seconds at known windspeeds and (2) natural release over the peak dispersal period We then use these results to assess the potential use of two different mechanistic wind dispersal models (WINDISPER and WALD) as descriptors of seed dispersal ecology for this species Results from both the controlled and natural release experiments indicate that in open landscapes the vast majority of R ponticum seeds travel less than 10 m, but that a very small proportion (0001% in controlled trials; 002% in natural release) travel more than 50 m The WINDISPER model provided the best description of seed dispersal for the controlled releases that took place over a few seconds under known windspeeds, but neither model performed well when used to predict seed dispersal from a natural stand over the peak period of dispersal We suggest that this is due to a lack of knowledge of the exact windspeed at the time of seed release and the poor spatial and temporal resolution of the wind data available to us The development of mechanistic wind dispersal models offers great potential for helping develop efficient control programmes for invasive alien plants, but further work to investigate the conditions under which seeds are released and the appropriate spatial and temporal resolution of wind data to use is required
39 citations
"Inventory, distribution, and disper..." refers background in this paper
...Stephenson et al. (2007) telah melakukan pengujian model mekanis penyebaran biji R. ponticum L., salah satu jenis Rhododendron invasif....
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...Stephenson et al. (2007) melakukan penelitian mengenai pola persebaran biji Rhododendron ponticum, salah satu jenis Rhododendron yang sangat invasif di Kepulauan Inggris, untuk meningkatkan pemahaman ekologi penyebarannya sehingga dapat digunakan dalam menyusun strategi mengontrol distribusinya…...
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