Investigate the effects of bus and passenger arrival patterns and service frequency on passenger waiting time and transit performance 0f dhaka metropolitan area
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed analysis of bus transit system of DMA is conducted based upon field surveys, where travel and stopping patterns of bus and passengers were evaluated in order to reach a better understanding of the situation.
Abstract: A detailed analysis of bus transit system of Dhaka Metropolitan Area (DMA) is conducted based upon field surveys. The travel and stopping patterns of bus and passengers were evaluated in order to reach a better understanding of the situation. Observations were made of bus and passengers arrival process as well as stopping and departure patterns at stops and terminals, passengers' waiting time, driver irregular stopping behavior at stops and en route in peak and off peak periods. Significant changes were observed according to the time of day and direction of operation. The paper discusses the introduction of a variety of scheduled transit services in peak and off peak periods with fixed stopping criteria that could reduce the passengers' waiting and vehicle travel times and increase transit productivity and fleet utilization.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an empirical investigation of actual and perceived waiting times at bus stops for the case of a large bus network, using hazard-based duration models, based on a questionnaire survey undertaken at bus stop of the Athens, Greece, bus network.
Abstract: Waiting time in bus stops heavily affects traveler attitude towards public transportation and therefore is an important element for consideration when planning and operating a bus system. Furthermore, what passengers perceive as waiting time is often quite different from their actual waiting time at a bus stop. In this context, we present an empirical investigation of actual and perceived waiting times at bus stops for the case of a large bus network, using hazard-based duration models. The analysis is based on a questionnaire survey undertaken at bus stops of the Athens, Greece, bus network. Results indicate that age, trip purpose, and trip time period seem to have an impact on that perception, with older individuals, work, and education trips being factors that increase perceived waiting time and lead to an overestimation of actual waiting, while perceived waiting time decreases during morning time periods.
50 citations
Cites background from "Investigate the effects of bus and ..."
...Zahir et al. (2000) analyzed the bus system of Dhaka based upon field surveys and offered observations on actual passenger waiting times....
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TL;DR: In this article, two primary bus services operate in the city, ticketed and local, differing in fare collection, stop patterns, and price, and they carry the largest share of trips in Bangladesh, and both are overcrowded.
Abstract: Overcrowded buses are a common sight in Dhaka, Bangladesh, as they swerve between rickshaws and auto-rickshaws and blare their horns, with the next stop announced by a shout. Two primary bus services operate in the city, ticketed and local, differing in fare collection, stop patterns, and price. They carry the largest share of trips in Dhaka, and both are overcrowded. Understanding the differences between the two, and how crowding affects their curbside operations, could show which is the more effective way of moving passengers. A method to evaluate a system that seems disorderly from the outside was developed, and the effects that crowded conditions have on performance were studied. Data were collected during a half-year period through onboard studies of bus dwell times and loads the buses carry. Despite the uncomfortable conditions crowded buses create for passengers, the buses operate more efficiently for the volumes carried. Local buses in particular were shown to be more effective in transporting the...
36 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate whether Bogota and Curitiba adopt a multimodal approach when planning and implementing their innovative bus-rapid transit systems (BRT) and compare how pedestrians, cyclists, and taxi and car users are linked to the BRT system in each of these cities.
Abstract: Bogota and Curitiba have become important references for public transportation in Latin America and have gained worldwide recognition for their technically and managerially innovative bus-based public transportation systems (Bus Rapid Transit, BRT). However, despite the huge success of these projects, most people living in these cities still use other modes for their daily trips. The main aim of this paper is to investigate whether, and how, these cities adopt a multimodal approach when planning and implementing their innovative BRT projects. We compare how pedestrians, cyclists, and taxi and car users are linked to the BRT system in each of these cities and conclude that minor changes in both systems could improve their multimodality.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a hazard-based duration modeling approach is adapted to model passenger waiting time as a function of a variety of factors that influence waiting time, which can be categorized to temporal, infrastructure and operation, demographics, and trip characteristics parameters.
Abstract: Passenger waiting time at transit stops is an important component of overall travel time and is perceived to be less desirable than in-vehicle travel time or access time. Therefore, an accurate model to estimate waiting time is necessary to better plan for transit and to improve patronage. The majority of previous studies on waiting time have either made very limiting assumptions on the arrival distribution of passengers or lacked a large-scale and high-quality dataset. The smartcard fare collection system in South-East Queensland, Australia, has provided the opportunity of very large-scale and highly accurate data on passenger boarding and alighting times and locations. In this research, all 130,000 daily rail passengers in all 145 stations of a network are considered. First a methodology is developed to match each individual passenger with the most likely rail service he/she boarded. Then, a hazard-based duration modelling approach is adapted to model passenger waiting time as a function of a variety of factors that influence waiting time. Log-logistic accelerated failure time (AFT) models are inferred to be appropriate among the models tested. The results indicate that: (a) the waiting time can be predicted accurately at various confidence levels; (b) the waiting time at all network stations can be predicted with a single model; and (c) a wide range of influencing parameters are statistically significant in the model, which can be categorized to temporal, infrastructure and operation, demographics, and trip characteristics parameters. The results of this study can be used for demand estimation, operational analysis, transit scheduling, and network design through an understanding of the effects of influential variables on waiting time.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine how bus design factors influence door crowding and quantifies how door-crowding relates to operational performance and passenger safety, and highlight the importance of educating conductors on the dangers associated with door crowds.
Abstract: This study examines how bus design factors influence door crowding and quantifies how door crowding relates to operational performance and passenger safety. Results are based on data collected for 2,807 stops in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Door crowding is affected by multiple bus design factors, including door placement, aisle length, presence of a front seating area, and service type. Increases in door crowding are associated with longer marginal boarding times and an increased number of unsafe boarding and alighting movements that occur when the bus has not come to a complete stop. Results underscore the importance of educating conductors on the dangers associated with door crowding.
16 citations
Cites background from "Investigate the effects of bus and ..."
...The lack of managerial oversight combined with unreliable schedules, unpublished time tables, and aggressive market competition have caused Dhaka’s buses to become overcrowded (Zahir et al. 2000)....
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