Investigation of biodiesel production methods by altering free fatty acid content in vegetable oils
03 Jul 2020-Vol. 11, Iss: 5, pp 587-595
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of variations in free fattens in free-fattens have been explored and compared with the transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats.
Abstract: Biodiesel is derived from vegetable oils and animal fats by various methods among which transesterification is the most widely used. The present work explores the effects of variations in free fatt...
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TL;DR: In this article, a study was done to check the impacts of starting oil amount on kinematic viscosity, density, cetane number and higher calorific value of hybrid oil in view of it use as biodiesel feedstock.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , an acidification-based process was developed and demonstrated for concurrent purification of biodiesel-derived glycerol and the synthesis of sodium sulphate and potassium sulphate (K2SO4) as value-added chemicals.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the efficacy of different surfactants in producing stable biodiesel-water emulsions and their effects on engine characteristics were explored, including a commercial nonionic surfactant, viz. Span80-Tween80 and two novel surfactitives, viz., polyglycerol poly ricinoleate (PGPR) and raw Karanja oil (RKO).
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a solar energy-assisted reactor is developed and utilized for biodiesel production from Butea monosperma oil, where a maximum yield of 94.3% was achieved with the parameters of 6:1 M ratio of methanol-to-oil, 1.2% of catalyst, 65 min of reaction duration, and reaction temperature of 60 °C, where these parameters are obtained through a computational modelling using the response surface methodology (RSM) algorithm equipped with central composite design (CCD) algorithm.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a monoalkyl ester of vegetable oil, animal fat, and used cooking oil (UCO) is termed as biodiesel, which is obtained from UCO is gaining importance as an alternate fuel for usage in diesel e...
Abstract: Monoalkyl ester of vegetable oil, animal fat, and used cooking oil (UCO) is termed as biodiesel. Biodiesel obtained from UCO is gaining importance as an alternate fuel for usage in diesel e...
6 citations
Cites background from "Investigation of biodiesel producti..."
...Nonrenewable energy sources such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas contribute to the major part of the world’s increasing demands (Suraj, Anand, and Sundararajan 2017)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the transesterification reaction is aected by molar ratio of glycerides to alcohol, catalysts, reaction temperature, reaction time and free fatty acids and water content of oils or fats.
4,902 citations
TL;DR: Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters), which is derived from triglycerides by transesterification with methanol, has attracted considerable attention during the past decade as a renewable, biodegradable, and nontoxic fuel.
2,185 citations
TL;DR: Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that is produced from vegetable oils and animal fats, which consists of the monoalkyl esters formed by a catalyzed reaction of the triglycerides in the oil or fat with a simple monohydric alcohol.
2,164 citations
TL;DR: A review of the research related to biodiesel can be found in this paper, where solid acid catalysts are used to replace liquid acids, reducing the corrosion and environmental problems associated with them.
Abstract: Biodiesel is synthesized via the transesterification of lipid feedstocks with low molecular weight alcohols. Currently, alkaline bases are used to catalyze the reaction. These catalysts require anhydrous conditions and feedstocks with low levels of free fatty acids (FFAs). Inexpensive feedstocks containing high levels of FFAs cannot be directly used with the base catalysts currently employed. Strong liquid acid catalysts are less sensitive to FFAs and can simultaneously conduct esterification and transesterification. However, they are slower and necessitate higher reaction temperatures. Nonetheless, acid-catalyzed processes could produce biodiesel from low-cost feedstocks, lowering production costs. Better yet, if solid acid catalysts could replace liquid acids, the corrosion and environmental problems associated with them could be avoided and product purification protocols reduced, significantly simplifying biodiesel production and reducing cost. This article reviews some of the research related to biodi...
1,606 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the fatty acid (FA) profiles of 12 common biodiesel feedstocks were summarized, and it was shown that several fuel properties, including viscosity, specific gravity, cetane number, iodine value, and low temperature performance metrics are highly correlated with the average unsaturation of the FA profiles.
Abstract: Biodiesel is a renewable transportation fuel consisting of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), generally produced by transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats. In this review, the fatty acid (FA) profiles of 12 common biodiesel feedstocks were summarized. Considerable compositional variability exists across the range of feedstocks. For example, coconut, palm and tallow contain high amounts of saturated FA; while corn, rapeseed, safflower, soy, and sunflower are dominated by unsaturated FA. Much less information is available regarding the FA profiles of algal lipids that could serve as biodiesel feedstocks. However, some algal species contain considerably higher levels of poly-unsaturated FA than is typically found in vegetable oils. Differences in chemical and physical properties among biodiesel fuels can be explained largely by the fuels’ FA profiles. Two features that are especially influential are the size distribution and the degree of unsaturation within the FA structures. For the 12 biodiesel types reviewed here, it was shown that several fuel properties – including viscosity, specific gravity, cetane number, iodine value, and low temperature performance metrics – are highly correlated with the average unsaturation of the FAME profiles. Due to opposing effects of certain FAME structural features, it is not possible to define a single composition that is optimum with respect to all important fuel properties. However, to ensure satisfactory in-use performance with respect to low temperature operability and oxidative stability, biodiesel should contain relatively low concentrations of both long-chain saturated FAME and poly-unsaturated FAME.
1,527 citations