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Journal ArticleDOI

Investigation of electron beam parameters inside the drift region of plasma cathode electron gun

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present experimental studies for the production and propagation of an electron beam from a single gap pseudospark discharge based plasma cathode electron (PCE) gun, which has successfully propagated for more than 25 cm in a gaseous environment without application of external guiding magnetic field at different operating conditions.
Abstract: This paper presents experimental studies for the production and propagation of an electron beam from a single gap pseudospark discharge based plasma cathode electron (PCE) gun. The generated electron beam has been successfully propagated for more than 25 cm in a gaseous environment without application of external guiding magnetic field at different operating conditions. The electron beam losses due to recombination with ions and collision with walls of drift space have been estimated. The electron beam profile has also been analyzed in the drift region of the gun.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the demonstration of several compact millimetre wave sources driven both by a pencil or sheet electron beam from a pseudospark (PS) discharge.
Abstract: This article presents the demonstration of several compact millimetre wave sources driven both by a pencil or sheet electron beam from a pseudospark (PS) discharge. The millimetre wave sources include two pencil beam extended interaction oscillators (EIO) in W-band (75-110 GHz), two sheet beam EIOs in W- and G-bands, two pencil beam backward wave oscillators (BWO) in W- and G-bands, and one pencil beam Cherenkov maser in Ka-band. These devices can generate up to kilowatts of output power, which are very attractive for many important applications.

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a review of state-of-the-art UVC emitters with electron-beam pumping of heterostructures with quantum wells in an (Al,Ga)N material system is presented.
Abstract: Powerful emitters of ultraviolet C (UVC) light in the wavelength range of 230–280 nm are necessary for the development of effective and safe optical disinfection technologies, highly sensitive optical spectroscopy and non-line-of-sight optical communication. This review considers UVC emitters with electron-beam pumping of heterostructures with quantum wells in an (Al,Ga)N material system. The important advantages of these emitters are the absence of the critical problem of p-type doping and the possibility of achieving record (up to several tens of watts for peak values) output optical power values in the UVC range. The review consistently considers about a decade of world experience in the implementation of various UV emitters with various types of thermionic, field-emission, and plasma-cathode electron guns (sources) used to excite various designs of active (light-emitting) regions in heterostructures with quantum wells of AlxGa1−xN/AlyGa1−yN (x = 0–0.5, y = 0.6–1), fabricated either by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition or by plasma-activated molecular beam epitaxy. Special attention is paid to the production of heterostructures with multiple quantum wells/two-dimensional (2D) quantum disks of GaN/AlN with a monolayer’s (1 ML~0.25 nm) thickness, which ensures a high internal quantum efficiency of radiative recombination in the UVC range, low elastic stresses in heterostructures, and high-output UVC-optical powers.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The pseudospark, an axially symmetric gas discharge at low pressures of typically 10 to 100 Pa and high voltages (of some hundred volts up to several hundreds of kilovolts), has become of interest in fast high-power switching, in producing well-pinched high intensity electron or ion beams, and as an X-ray source as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The pseudospark, an axially symmetric gas discharge at low pressures of typically 10 to 100 Pa and high voltages (of some hundred volts up to several hundreds of kilovolts), has become of interest in fast high-power switching, in producing well-pinched high intensity electron or ion beams, and as an X-ray source. The essential features of this type of discharge are described. The results of fast time-resolved spectroscopic investigations and breakdown delay statistics of the pseudospark are discussed. >

189 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a low pressure glow discharge switch that has a number of features that are desirable for high power applications is described, and the switch has achieved high stand-off voltage and peak current, has potential for very fast current rate of rise, and operates near the glow-to-arc transition in hydrogen or helium.
Abstract: A low pressure glow discharge switch that has a number of features that are desirable for high power applications is described. The switch has achieved high stand‐off voltage and peak current, has potential for very fast current rate of rise, and operates near the glow‐to‐arc transition in hydrogen or helium. Closure is initiated by light incident on the back of the cathode, and it is observed that surface damage within the area of illumination is less than surrounding areas. Several aspects of the switch are similar to thyratrons and pseudosparks.

82 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a pseudospark discharge has been shown to be a promising source of high brightness, high intensity electron beam pulses, and a new Cherenkov interaction experiment with an input seed wave from a 20 kW, 35 GHz pulsed magnetron has been designed using the same PS HCP beam.
Abstract: A pseudospark (PS) discharge has been shown to be a promising source of high brightness, high intensity electron beam pulses. A PS-sourced electron beam has two phases, an initial hollow cathode phase (HCP) beam followed by a conductive phase (CP) beam. In our experiments, a 22 kV, 50 A HCP beam of brightness 109–10 A m−2 rad−2 followed by a 200 V, 200 A CP beam of brightness 1011–12 A m−2 rad−2 were measured. Experiments have been conducted with the application of a HCP beam in a Cherenkov interaction with no input seed wave and with post-acceleration of the CP beam. In this paper, a new Cherenkov interaction experiment with an input seed wave from a 20 kW, 35 GHz pulsed magnetron has been designed using the same PS HCP beam. Simulation results of the interaction will be presented and further PS electron beam applications will be discussed.

80 citations

PatentDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a thermionic emitter within an enclosure with a partially transparent electrode defining a plasma face is described, where a magnetic system forms an inward directed field, and a portion of the plasma electrons are directed through this field to enhance ionization efficiency.
Abstract: Plasma-cathode electron gun structures capable of operation in low-pressure, e.g., <5×10 -3 Torr, ionizable gas environments are disclosed. They utilize a thermionic emitter within an enclosure with a partially transparent electrode defining a plasma face. Spaced anodes are disposed adjacent the electrode to extract an electron beam from the plasma face. A magnetic system forms an inward directed field, and a portion of the plasma electrons are directed through this field to enhance ionization efficiency.

74 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Experimental results and the model presented here provide evidence that the pseudospark microscopically utilizes explosive arc processes, as distinct from the earlier model.
Abstract: The pseudospark cathode has the remarkable property of macroscopically homogeneous electron emission at very high current density (g1 kA/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) over a large area (some ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$). Experimental results and the model presented here provide evidence that the pseudospark microscopically utilizes explosive arc processes, as distinct from the earlier model [Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 2371 (1988)].

47 citations