scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

Investigation on Convective Heat Transfer and Flow Features of Nanofluids

01 Feb 2003-Journal of Heat Transfer-transactions of The Asme (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)-Vol. 125, Iss: 1, pp 151-155
TL;DR: In this article, an innovative new class of heat transfer fluids can be engineered by suspending metallic nanoparticles in conventional heat-transfer fluids, which are expected to exhibit high thermal conductivities compared to those of currently used heat transfer fluid, and they represent the best hope for enhancing heat transfer.
Abstract: Low thermal conductivity is a primary limitation in the development of energy-efficient heat transfer fluids that are required in many industrial applications. In this paper we propose that an innovative new class of heat transfer fluids can be engineered by suspending metallic nanoparticles in conventional heat transfer fluids. The resulting {open_quotes}nanofluids{close_quotes} are expected to exhibit high thermal conductivities compared to those of currently used heat transfer fluids, and they represent the best hope for enhancement of heat transfer. The results of a theoretical study of the thermal conductivity of nanofluids with copper nanophase materials are presented, the potential benefits of the fluids are estimated, and it is shown that one of the benefits of nanofluids will be dramatic reductions in heat exchanger pumping power.

Content maybe subject to copyright    Report

Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, aqueous-based nanofluids containing γ-alumina nanoparticles (primary particle size 10-50 nm) were used to investigate their heat transfer behavior under nucleate pool boiling conditions.
Abstract: This paper is concerned about pool boiling heat transfer using nanofluids, a subject of several investigations over the past few years. The work is motivated by the controversial results reported in the literature and the potential impact of nanofluids on heat transfer intensification. Systematic experiments are carried out to formulate stable aqueous based nanofluids containing γ-alumina nanoparticles (primary particle size 10–50 nm), and to investigate their heat transfer behaviour under nucleate pool boiling conditions. The results show that alumina nanofluids can significantly enhance boiling heat transfer. The enhancement increases with increasing particle concentration and reaches ∼ ∼40% at a particle loading of 1.25% by weight. Discussion of the results suggests that the reported controversies in the thermal performance of nanofluids under the nucleate pool boiling conditions be associated with the properties and behaviour of the nanofluids and boiling surface, as well as their interactions.

468 citations


Cites background from "Investigation on Convective Heat Tr..."

  • ...From a microscopic viewpoint, however, nanoparticle migration may enhance heat transfer as indicated by some convective heat transfer studies ( Xuan & Li, 2003; Wen & Ding, 2004a)....

    [...]

  • ...namely, effective thermal conductivity under static conditions (Masuda et al., 1993; Choi, 1995; Eastman et al., 1996, 2001; Lee et al., 1999; Wang et al., 1999; Xuan & Li, 2000; Keblinski et al., 2002; Xie et al., 2002; Wang et al., 2003; Wen & Ding, 2004a), convective heat transfer (Pak & Cho, 1999; Xuan & Roetzel, 2000; Xuan & Li, 2003; Wen & Ding, 2004b), and phase change heat transfer (Das et al., 2003a, b; ......

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the preparation of metal and metal oxides nanofluids and hybrid or composite nano-fluids is discussed, and various techniques used to study the physical and chemical characteristics of nanof-luids are presented.
Abstract: Selection of suitable heat transfer fluid for heat dissipation is an important consideration in the design of heat exchanging systems. Nanofluid, a colloidal mixture made of a base fluid and a nanoparticle, is a new generation of heat transfer fluids becoming a high potential fluid in heat transfer applications due to enhanced thermal conductivity. Research studies about nanofluids are on the rise owing to the mounting interest and demand for nanofluids as heat transfer fluids in a wide variety of applications. Recently, nanofluid technology has a new dimension of impregnating two or more nanoparticles in base fluids, namely hybrid or composite nanofluids. This paper reviews the preparation of metal and metal oxides nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids and the various techniques used to study the physical and chemical characteristics of nanofluids. Thermo-physical and heat transfer properties of nanofluids including the improved thermal conductivity, viscosity and specific heat models for nanofluids are presented. Finally, various application areas of nanofluids, such as transportation, electronic cooling, energy storage, mechanical applications etc. are discussed.

462 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an expression for calculating enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluid has been derived from the general solution of heat conduction equation in spherical coordinates and the equivalent hard sphere fluid model representing the microstructure of particle/liquid mixtures.

461 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of inclination angle on convection heat transfer and fluid flow in a two-dimensional enclosure filled with Cu-nanofluid has been analyzed numerically.

460 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental study on the forced convective heat transfer and flow characteristics of a nanofluid consisting of water and 0.2 vol.% TiO2 nanoparticles was performed.

458 citations

References
More filters
Book
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this article, the physical concepts and methodologies of heat and mass transfer are explained for advanced undergraduate engineering majors, using a systematic method for problem solving and discusses the relationship of heat transfer to many important practical applications through examples and problems.
Abstract: This book, designed for advanced undergraduate engineering majors, explains the physical concepts and methodologies of heat and mass transfer. It uses a systematic method for problem solving and discusses the relationship of heat and mass transfer to many important practical applications through examples and problems. A and significant contribution is the extensive use of the First Law of thermodynamics.

4,113 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a Brookfield rotating viscometer to measure the viscosities of the dispersed fluids with γ-alumina (Al2O3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles at a 10% volume concentration.
Abstract: Turbulent friction and heat transfer behaviors of dispersed fluids (i.e., uttrafine metallic oxide particles suspended in water) in a circular pipe were investigated experimentally. Viscosity measurements were also conducted using a Brookfield rotating viscometer. Two different metallic oxide particles, γ-alumina (Al2O3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), with mean diameters of 13 and 27 nm, respectively, were used as suspended particles. The Reynolds and Prandtl numbers varied in the ranges l04-I05 and 6.5-12.3, respectively. The viscosities of the dispersed fluids with γ-Al2O3 and TiO2 particles at a 10% volume concentration were approximately 200 and 3 times greater than that of water, respectively. These viscosity results were significantly larger than the predictions from the classical theory of suspension rheology. Darcy friction factors for the dispersed fluids of the volume concentration ranging from 1% to 3% coincided well with Kays' correlation for turbulent flow of a single-phase fluid. The Nusselt n...

3,730 citations

Journal ArticleDOI

3,019 citations


"Investigation on Convective Heat Tr..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Hamilton and Crasser (1962) have developed a more elaborate model for the effective thermal conductivity of twocomponent mixtures as a function of the conductivity of the pure materials, the composition of the mixture, and the shape of the dispersed particles....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a transient hot-wire method was used to measure the thermal conductivity of a small amount of nanoparticles and the experimental results showed that these nanoparticles have substantially higher thermal conductivities than the same liquids without nanoparticles.
Abstract: Oxide nanofluids were produced and their thermal conductivities were measured by a transient hot-wire method. The experimental results show that these nanofluids, containing a small amount of nanoparticles, have substantially higher thermal conductivities than the same liquids without nanoparticles. Comparisons between experiments and the Hamilton and Crosser model show that the model can predict the thermal conductivity of nanofluids containing large agglomerated Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} particles. However, the model appears to be inadequate for nanofluids containing CuO particles. This suggests that not only particle shape but size is considered to be dominant in enhancing the thermal conductivity of nanofluids.

2,811 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed two different approaches for deriving heat transfer correlation of the nanofluid, and investigated the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement of the nano-fluid.

2,355 citations