Investigation on Convective Heat Transfer and Flow Features of Nanofluids
01 Feb 2003-Journal of Heat Transfer-transactions of The Asme (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)-Vol. 125, Iss: 1, pp 151-155
TL;DR: In this article, an innovative new class of heat transfer fluids can be engineered by suspending metallic nanoparticles in conventional heat-transfer fluids, which are expected to exhibit high thermal conductivities compared to those of currently used heat transfer fluid, and they represent the best hope for enhancing heat transfer.
Abstract: Low thermal conductivity is a primary limitation in the development of energy-efficient heat transfer fluids that are required in many industrial applications. In this paper we propose that an innovative new class of heat transfer fluids can be engineered by suspending metallic nanoparticles in conventional heat transfer fluids. The resulting {open_quotes}nanofluids{close_quotes} are expected to exhibit high thermal conductivities compared to those of currently used heat transfer fluids, and they represent the best hope for enhancement of heat transfer. The results of a theoretical study of the thermal conductivity of nanofluids with copper nanophase materials are presented, the potential benefits of the fluids are estimated, and it is shown that one of the benefits of nanofluids will be dramatic reductions in heat exchanger pumping power.
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TL;DR: In this article, a numerical study has been performed by using both single phase method and combined Euler and Lagrange method on the convective heat transfer of TiO2 nanofluids flowing through a straight tube under the laminar flow conditions.
254 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on various flow and heat transfer modes of nanofluid, metal foam and the combination of the two, with the physical properties of nanophluid and metal foam summarized.
252 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the specific heat measurements of three nanofluids containing aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, and silicon dioxide nanoparticles were conducted over a temperature range of 315-363 K, which is the normal range of operation of automobile coolants and building heating fluids in cold regions.
Abstract: This paper presents the specific heat measurements of three nanofluids containing aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, and silicon dioxide nanoparticles. The first two are dispersed in a base fluid of 60:40 by mass of ethylene glycol and water (60:40 EG/W) and the last one in deionized water. Measurements were conducted over a temperature range of 315–363 K, which is the normal range of operation of automobile coolants and building heating fluids in cold regions. The nanoparticle volumetric concentrations tested were up to 10%. The measured values were compared with existing equations for the specific heat of nanofluids. A close agreement with the experimental data was not observed. Therefore, a new general correlation was developed for the specific heat as functions of particle volumetric concentration, temperature, and the specific heat of both the particle and the base fluid from the present set of measurements. The correlation predicts the specific heat values of each nanofluid within an average error of about 2.7%.
252 citations
TL;DR: In this article, thin-film coatings applied to boiling surfaces using a layer-by-layer assembly method demonstrated significant enhancement in the pool boiling critical heat flux (CHF) and nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient.
252 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of slip boundary condition in the presence of dynamic effects of nano particles have not been investigated yet, and the results of the present paper show the flow velocity and the surface shear stress on the stretching sheet and also reduced Nusselt number and reduced Sherwood number are strongly influenced by the slip parameter.
251 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this article, the physical concepts and methodologies of heat and mass transfer are explained for advanced undergraduate engineering majors, using a systematic method for problem solving and discusses the relationship of heat transfer to many important practical applications through examples and problems.
Abstract: This book, designed for advanced undergraduate engineering majors, explains the physical concepts and methodologies of heat and mass transfer. It uses a systematic method for problem solving and discusses the relationship of heat and mass transfer to many important practical applications through examples and problems. A and significant contribution is the extensive use of the First Law of thermodynamics.
4,113 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a Brookfield rotating viscometer to measure the viscosities of the dispersed fluids with γ-alumina (Al2O3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles at a 10% volume concentration.
Abstract: Turbulent friction and heat transfer behaviors of dispersed fluids (i.e., uttrafine metallic oxide particles suspended in water) in a circular pipe were investigated experimentally. Viscosity measurements were also conducted using a Brookfield rotating viscometer. Two different metallic oxide particles, γ-alumina (Al2O3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), with mean diameters of 13 and 27 nm, respectively, were used as suspended particles. The Reynolds and Prandtl numbers varied in the ranges l04-I05 and 6.5-12.3, respectively. The viscosities of the dispersed fluids with γ-Al2O3 and TiO2 particles at a 10% volume concentration were approximately 200 and 3 times greater than that of water, respectively. These viscosity results were significantly larger than the predictions from the classical theory of suspension rheology. Darcy friction factors for the dispersed fluids of the volume concentration ranging from 1% to 3% coincided well with Kays' correlation for turbulent flow of a single-phase fluid. The Nusselt n...
3,730 citations
3,019 citations
"Investigation on Convective Heat Tr..." refers background in this paper
...Hamilton and Crasser (1962) have developed a more elaborate model for the effective thermal conductivity of twocomponent mixtures as a function of the conductivity of the pure materials, the composition of the mixture, and the shape of the dispersed particles....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a transient hot-wire method was used to measure the thermal conductivity of a small amount of nanoparticles and the experimental results showed that these nanoparticles have substantially higher thermal conductivities than the same liquids without nanoparticles.
Abstract: Oxide nanofluids were produced and their thermal conductivities were measured by a transient hot-wire method. The experimental results show that these nanofluids, containing a small amount of nanoparticles, have substantially higher thermal conductivities than the same liquids without nanoparticles. Comparisons between experiments and the Hamilton and Crosser model show that the model can predict the thermal conductivity of nanofluids containing large agglomerated Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} particles. However, the model appears to be inadequate for nanofluids containing CuO particles. This suggests that not only particle shape but size is considered to be dominant in enhancing the thermal conductivity of nanofluids.
2,811 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed two different approaches for deriving heat transfer correlation of the nanofluid, and investigated the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement of the nano-fluid.
2,355 citations