Investigations for the environmentally friendly production of Na2CO3 and HCl from exhaust CO2, NaCl and H2O
TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of a modified Solvay ammonia soda process which delivers Na2CO3 and HCl by using exhaust CO2, NaCl and H2O was investigated and the principle of a simple solar thermo-chemical reactor was described.
About: This article is published in Journal of Cleaner Production.The article was published on 2012-03-01. It has received 16 citations till now.
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TL;DR: The results evidently support that Na2CO3 is indeed a robust and feasible catalyst for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass.
37 citations
Cites background from "Investigations for the environmenta..."
...It can also be massively produced via a CO2 capture process from flue gases (Foster, 2012)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, lead was separated from the glass matrix by a chloride volatilization process, and the results showed that the use of NaCl as a chlorination agent yielded less volatile lead, while polyvinyl chloride and gaseous HCl proved to be ineffective chlorination agents.
Abstract: Cathode ray tube funnel glass is an environmentally problematic relict of old television sets. In particular, landfilling of this material is strongly discouraged because of its high lead content. However, recovery of this toxic lead could prevent its release into the environment and allow its reuse. In this research, lead was separated from the glass matrix by a chloride volatilization process. Melting of the funnel glass together with CaCl2 resulted in the volatilization of 80 % of lead at 1,000 °C. The use of NaCl as a chlorination agent yielded less volatile lead, while poly(vinyl chloride) and gaseous HCl proved to be ineffective chlorination agents. The differences in the chlorination agent efficiencies could be attributed to differences in the corresponding formation of silicates. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that diffusion plays an important role in the volatilization of PbCl2.
36 citations
Cites methods from "Investigations for the environmenta..."
...…Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan e-mail: grause@env.che.tohoku.ac.jp process, various chlorine-containing waste materials could be used as chlorination agents: CaCl2 as a by-product of the Solvay process (Forster 2012) or waste PVC (Park et al. 2009) are cheap alternative materials to SiC or TiN....
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TL;DR: With significant quantity of waste cathode Ray tube glass being generated globally, cementitious systems could be economically and environmentally acceptable as a sound management practice for cathode ray tube glass, where other technologies may not be applicable.
28 citations
Cites background from "Investigations for the environmenta..."
...Chlorinating agents that can be employed in this technique include calcium chloride (Forster, 2012) and waste polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (Park et al., 2009) and this method offers the advantage of not generating wastewater that will require treatment....
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...Chlorinating agents that can be employed in this technique include calcium chloride (Forster, 2012) and waste polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (Park et al....
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TL;DR: In this article, the influence of aqueous carbonate species on the hydration and carbonation behavior of reactive MgO cement derived from brine was studied. But the results revealed that the carbonate and/or bicarbonate solution did not significantly alter the morphology and hydration degree of formed Mg(OH)2 but did not form new hydration products, and when exposed to concentrated CO2 gas (20 % CO2) it reached dramatically higher compressive strength, nearly 60
Abstract: Reactive MgO cement derived from brine could be a low-carbon alternative to Portland cement, as it avoids the need to burn carbon-containing raw materials and it can absorb CO2 gas to form high-strength mineral carbonates. Additionally, the incorporation of a high concentration of aqueous carbonate species can further contribute to its negative CO2 footprint. This paper aims to study the influence of aqueous carbonate species on the hydration and carbonation behavior of reactive MgO cement derived from brine. Although the hydrated MgO exhibited much higher compressive strength in the presence of bicarbonate solution, it still did not exhibit compressive strength sufficient for structural applications (> 10 MPa) under ambient conditions. TGA and XRD results revealed that the carbonate and/or bicarbonate solution altered the hydration degree and morphology of formed Mg(OH)2 but did not form new hydration products. In contrast, when MgO paste was exposed to concentrated CO2 gas (20 % CO2) it produced magnesium carbonates and reached dramatically higher compressive strength, nearly 60 MPa by 28 days. TGA and XRD results suggest that an amorphous phase forms in sodium bicarbonate and sodium sesquicarbonate systems, which plays a key role in the enhancement of compressive strength.
22 citations
TL;DR: This research presents a novel and scalable approach called "Smart Solid Waste Collection and Recovery (SCR)” that addresses the challenge of integrating recycling and waste management into the waste-to-energy mix.
Abstract: Incineration has been proven as one of the most viable and efficient waste-to-energy strategies for the handling of rapidly mounting municipal solid waste (MSW). However, as a generic and key eleme...
21 citations
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TL;DR: Density functional theory calculations explain copper's unique ability to convert CO2 into hydrocarbons, which may open up (photo-)electrochemical routes to fuels as mentioned in this paper, which may lead to new energy sources.
Abstract: Density functional theory calculations explain copper's unique ability to convert CO2 into hydrocarbons, which may open up (photo-)electrochemical routes to fuels.
2,420 citations
"Investigations for the environmenta..." refers background in this paper
...Schmölz, 1997) or directly from the flue gases of power plants into useful chemical substances by reacting CO2 with a reducing substance at high temperatures and/or with the help of catalysts (Halmann and Steinfeld, 2009) or by electrochemical reduction (Kaneco et al., 2007; Peterson et al., 2010)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a fundamental equation of state has been formulated for heavy water in the form Ψ = Ψ(p,T) in which Ω = Helmholtz free energyp = density T = thermodynamic temperature.
Abstract: A fundamental equation of state has been formulated for heavy water in the form Ψ = Ψ(p,T) in which Ψ = Helmholtz free energyp = density T = thermodynamic temperature. The complete range of single phase states in the range up to 100 MPa and 600 °C is covered by a single equation which is fitted both to P v T values, for saturated and unsaturated states, and to enthalpy values for saturation states only. The equation is constrained to fit the critical point conditions determined by Blank. It represents all thermodynamic properties of D2O, in the above range of states, within what is believed to be the accuracy of the experimental data.
1,776 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of CO2, its synthetic reactions and their possible role in future CO2 mitigation schemes that have to match the scale of man-made CO2 in the atmosphere, which rapidly approaches 1 teraton.
Abstract: The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide is linked to climate changes; hence there is an urgent need to reduce the accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere. The utilization of CO2 as a raw material in the synthesis of chemicals and liquid energy carriers offers a way to mitigate the increasing CO2 buildup. This review covers six important CO2 transformations namely: chemical transformations, photochemical reductions, chemical and electrochemical reductions, biological conversions, reforming and inorganic transformations. Furthermore, the vast research area of carbon capture and storage is reviewed briefly. This review is intended as an introduction to CO2, its synthetic reactions and their possible role in future CO2 mitigation schemes that has to match the scale of man-made CO2 in the atmosphere, which rapidly approaches 1 teraton.
1,771 citations
"Investigations for the environmenta..." refers background in this paper
...Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been recognized as the main cause of globalwarming andworldwide efforts to reduce the emission of CO2 and the capture and safe disposal of CO2 are increasingly investigated (Lackner, 2010;Mikkelsen et al., 2010; Zheng et al., 2010)....
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TL;DR: Three of the leading options for large scale CO2 capture are reviewed from a technical perspective, including solvent-based chemisorption techniques, carbonate looping technology, and the so-called oxyfuel process.
Abstract: In this paper, three of the leading options for large scale CO2 capture are reviewed from a technical perspective. We consider solvent-based chemisorption techniques, carbonate looping technology, and the so-called oxyfuel process. For each technology option, we give an overview of the technology, listing advantages and disadvantages. Subsequently, a discussion of the level of technological maturity is presented, and we conclude by identifying current gaps in knowledge and suggest areas with significant scope for future work. We then discuss the suitability of using ionic liquids as novel, environmentally benign solvents with which to capture CO2. In addition, we consider alternatives to simply sequestering CO2—we present a discussion on the possibility of recycling captured CO2 and exploiting it as a C1 building block for the sustainable manufacture of polymers, fine chemicals, and liquid fuels. Finally, we present a discussion of relevant systems engineering methodologies in carbon capture system design.
1,349 citations
"Investigations for the environmenta..." refers background in this paper
..., 2009) and by capturing the CO2 produced in power plants (Gauer and Heschel, 2006; Zhang and Lior, 2008; MacDowell et al., 2010; Rivera-Tinoco and Bouallou, 2010; Sayari et al., 2011) and subsequently stored as carbonates the CO2 can be withdrawn from the atmosphere completely (Lackner et al....
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TL;DR: A review of the main contributions regarding the development of new adsorbents for post-combustion CO2 capture is presented in this paper, focusing on materials evaluated at representative flue gas conditions of CO2 partial pressure (i.e., 0.05-0.2 bar) and temperature (25-75°C).
463 citations
"Investigations for the environmenta..." refers background in this paper
..., 2009) and by capturing the CO2 produced in power plants (Gauer and Heschel, 2006; Zhang and Lior, 2008; MacDowell et al., 2010; Rivera-Tinoco and Bouallou, 2010; Sayari et al., 2011) and subsequently stored as carbonates the CO2 can be withdrawn from the atmosphere completely (Lackner et al....
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