Journal ArticleDOI
Io's heat flow from infrared radiometry: 1983–1993
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In this paper, the authors report the following results from a decade of infrared radiometry of Io: (1) the average global heat flow is more than approx. 2.5 W/sq.m, large warm (less than or equal to 200 K) volcanic regions dominate the global heat flows, smal high-temperature (greater than or = 300 K) 'hotspots' contribute little to the average heat flow, thermal anomalies on the leading hemisphere contribute about half of the heat flow and a substantial amount of heat is radiated during Io's night, highAbstract:
We report the following results from a decade of infrared radiometry of Io: (1) The average global heat flow is more than approx. 2.5 W/sq.m, (2) large warm (less than or equal to 200 K) volcanic regions dominate the global heat flow, (3) smal high-temperature (greater than or = 300 K) 'hotspots' contribute little to the average heat flow, (4) thermal anomalies on the leading hemisphere contribute about half of the heat flow, (5) a substantial amount of heat is radiated during Io's night, (6) high-temperature (greater than or = 600 K) 'outbursts' occurred during approx. 4% of the nights we observed, (7) 'Loki' is the brightest, persistent, infrared emission feature, and (8) some excess emission is always present at the longitude of Loki, but its intensity and other characteristics change between apparitions. Observations of Io at M(4.8 micrometer), 8.7 micrometer, N(10 micrometer), and Q(20 micrometer) with the Infrared Telescope Facility presented here were collected during nine apparitions between 1983 and 1993. These measurements provide full longitudinal coveraged as well as an eclipse observation and the detection of two outbursts. Reflected sunlight, passive thermal emission, and radiation from thermal anomalies all contribute to the observed flux densities. We find that a new thermophysical model is required to match all the data. Two key elements of this model are (1) a 'thermal reservoir' unit which lowers daytime temperatures, and (2) the 'thermal pedestal effect' which shifts to shorter wavelengths the spectral emission due to the reradiation of solar energy absorbed by the thermal anomalies. The thermal anomalies are modeled with a total of 10 source components at five locations. Io's heat flow is the sum of the power from these components.read more
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Q in the solar system
Peter Goldreich,Steven Soter +1 more
TL;DR: Tidal dissipation function in solar system, examining cases having appreciable evolution since origin of planets and satellites as discussed by the authors, examined cases having interesting evolution since the discovery of the solar system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Melting of Io by Tidal Dissipation
TL;DR: The dissipation of tidal energy in Jupiter's satellite Io is likely to have melted a major fraction of the mass, and consequences of a largely molten interior may be evident in pictures of Io's surface returned by Voyager I.
Journal ArticleDOI
The galilean satellites and jupiter: voyager 2 imaging science results.
Bradford A. Smith,Laurence A. Soderblom,Reta Beebe,Joseph M. Boyce,G. A. Briggs,Michael H. Carr,Stewart A. Collins,A. F. Cook,G. Edward Danielson,Merton E. Davies,Garry E. Hunt,Andrew P. Ingersoll,Torrence V. Johnson,Harold Masursky,John F. McCauley,David Morrison,Tobias Owen,Carl Sagan,Eugene M. Shoemaker,Robert G. Strom,Verner E. Suomi,Joseph Veverka +21 more
TL;DR: Voyager 2, during its encounter with the Jupiter system, provided images that both complement and supplement in important ways the Voyager 1 images, which revealed a complex and, as yet, little-understood system of overlapping bright and dark linear features.
Journal ArticleDOI
Systematic biases in radiometric diameter determinations
TL;DR: In this article, a disk-integrated beaming parameter of 0.72 was determined for the moon and used to correct empirically for the roughness effects in thermophysical models; the standard thermal model was found to systematically underestimate cold object diameters, while overstating their albedos.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tidal dissipation, surface heat flow, and figure of viscoelastic models of Io
TL;DR: In this paper, the deformation of Io, the tidal dissipation rate, and its interior spatial distribution are investigated by means of numerical simulations based on (1) a three-layer model (with dissipation in the mantle) or (2) a four-layer (with dissolution in the asthenosphere).