Io's volcanic control of Jupiter's extended neutral clouds

doi:10.1016/J.ICARUS.2004.03.009

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Io's volcanic control of Jupiter's extended neutral clouds

Journal Article•DOI•

Io's volcanic control of Jupiter's extended neutral clouds

Michael Mendillo¹, Jody K. Wilson¹, John R. Spencer², John Stansberry³•Institutions (3)

Boston University¹, Lowell Observatory², University of Arizona³

01 Aug 2004-Icarus (Academic Press)-Vol. 170, Iss: 2, pp 430-442

TL;DR: In this article, dramatic changes in the brightness and shape of Jupiter's extended sodium nebula are found to be correlated with the infrared emission brightness of Io, and they conclude that silicate volcanism on Io controls both the rate and the means by which sodium escapes from Io's atmosphere.

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About: This article is published in Icarus.The article was published on 2004-08-01. It has received 42 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Atmospheric escape & Population.

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Journal Article•DOI•

STIS Coronagraphic Imaging of Fomalhaut: Main Belt Structure and the Orbit of Fomalhaut b

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Paul Kalas¹, Paul Kalas², James R. Graham³, James R. Graham², Michael P. Fitzgerald⁴, Mark Clampin⁵ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (5)

Search for extraterrestrial intelligence¹, University of California, Berkeley², University of Toronto³, University of California, Los Angeles⁴, Goddard Space Flight Center⁵

04 Sep 2013-The Astrophysical Journal

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented new optical coronagraphic data of Fomalhaut b obtained with HST/STIS in 2010 and 2012, and the two epochs of Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) photometry exclude optical variability greater than 35%.

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Abstract: We present new optical coronagraphic data of Fomalhaut obtained with HST/STIS in 2010 and 2012. Fomalhaut b is recovered at both epochs to high significance. The observations include the discoveries of tenuous nebulosity beyond the main dust belt detected to at least 209AU projected radius, and a approx. 50AU wide azimuthal gap in the belt northward of Fomalhaut b. The two epochs of Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) photometry exclude optical variability greater than 35%. A Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis demonstrates that the orbit of Fomalhaut b is highly eccentric, with e = 0.8 +/- 0.1, a = 177 +/- 68AU, and q = 32 +/- 24AU. Fomalhaut b is apsidally aligned with the belt and 90% of allowed orbits have mutual inclination <=36 deg. Fomalhaut b's orbit is belt crossing in the sky plane projection, but only 12% of possible orbits have ascending or descending nodes within a 25AU wide belt annulus. The high eccentricity invokes a dynamical history where Fomalhaut b may have experienced a significant dynamical interaction with a hypothetical planet Fomalhaut c, and the current orbital configuration may be relatively short-lived. The Tisserand parameter with respect to a hypothetical Fomalhaut planet at 30AU or 120AU lies in the range 2-3, similar to highly eccentric dwarf planets in our solar system. We argue that Fomalhaut b's minimum mass is that of a dwarf planet in order for a circumplanetary satellite system to remain bound to a sufficient radius from the planet to be consistent with the dust scattered light hypothesis. In the coplanar case, Fomalhaut b will collide with the main belt around 2032, and the subsequent emergent phenomena may help determine its physical nature.

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175 citations

Cites background from "Io's volcanic control of Jupiter's ..."

...These variations are correlated to the volcanic activity of Io (Mendillo et al. 2004)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Cassini UVIS observations of the Io plasma torus. IV. Modeling temporal and azimuthal variability

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Andrew J. Steffl¹, Peter A. Delamere², Fran Bagenal²•Institutions (2)

Southwest Research Institute¹, University of Colorado Boulder²

01 Mar 2008-Icarus

TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a model of the remarkable temporal and azimuthal variability of the Io plasma torus observed during the Cassini encounter with Jupiter, where the authors postulate the existence of two azimated variations in the number of superthermal electrons in the torus: a primary variation with a period of 10.07 h and a secondary variation that remains fixed in System III longitude.

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83 citations

Cites background from "Io's volcanic control of Jupiter's ..."

...When torus ions becomes neutralized, the resulting atom is no longer constrained by Jupiter’s magnetic field and is quickly lost from the Io torus, eventually forming an extended nebula hundreds of jovian radii in size (Mendillo et al., 2004)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The Space Environment of Io and Europa

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Fran Bagenal¹, Vincent Dols¹•Institutions (1)

University of Colorado Boulder¹

01 May 2020-Journal of Geophysical Research

77 citations

Cites background or methods from "Io's volcanic control of Jupiter's ..."

...Mendillo et al. (2004, 2007) show a variation in brightness and shape with Io's volcanic activity—the disk having angular edges (like an anulus) when Io is particularly active compared with an oblate spheroid during quiet times....
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...There are multiple observations of changes in the amount of neutral gas and plasma escaping from Io (Bouchez et al., 2000; Brown & Bouchez, 1997; de Kleer & de Pater, 2016; Delamere et al., 2005; Koga et al., 2018a, 2018b, 2019; Mendillo et al., 2004; Morgenthaler et al., 2019; Nozawa et al., 2006, 2004, 2005; Schmidt et al., 2018; Steffl et al., 2004b; Yoneda et al., 2015, 2010)....
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...…escaping from Io (Bouchez et al., 2000; Brown & Bouchez, 1997; de Kleer & de Pater, 2016; Delamere et al., 2005; Koga et al., 2018a, 2018b, 2019; Mendillo et al., 2004; Morgenthaler et al., 2019; Nozawa et al., 2006, 2004, 2005; Schmidt et al., 2018; Steffl et al., 2004b; Yoneda et al., 2015,…...
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...Studies of Io's extended neutral clouds showed variations with local time and Io's orbital phase (Flynn et al., 1994; Mendillo et al., 1992, 2004; Yoneda et al., 2015) and a source of 1–4 × 1026 atoms per second....
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...The sublimation/condensation response of the atmosphere to day/night/eclipse variations was modeled by Moore et al. (2009) and Walker et al....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Composition of jovian dust stream particles

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Frank Postberg, Sascha Kempf, Ralf Srama, Simon F. Green¹, Jon K. Hillier¹, Neil McBride¹, Eberhard Grün² - Show less +3 more•Institutions (2)

Open University¹, University of Hawaii²

01 Jul 2006-Icarus

TL;DR: In this paper, the mass spectra of jovian stream particles were used to determine the chemical composition of particles, and the results imply that the vast majority (>95%) of the observed stream particles originate from the volcanic active jovians satellite Io from where they are sprinkled out far into the Solar System.

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68 citations

Cites background from "Io's volcanic control of Jupiter's ..."

...Furthermore, its abundance is dependent on the volcanic activity on the moon (Lellouch et al., 2003; Mendillo et al., 2004)....
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...It is evident that it does escape from the moon’s gravitational influence, forming the major source for Na and Cl species in the ionian system (Fegley and Zolotov, 2000; Küppers and Schneider, 2000; Schneider et al., 2000; Moses et al., 2002a; Lellouch et al., 2003; Mendillo et al., 2004)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Brightening event seen in observations of Jupiter’s extended sodium nebula

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Mizuki Yoneda¹, Mizuki Yoneda², Masato Kagitani¹, Fuminori Tsuchiya¹, Takeshi Sakanoi¹, S. Okano¹ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (2)

Tohoku University¹, Kiepenheuer Institut für Sonnenphysik²

15 Nov 2015-Icarus

TL;DR: Jupiter's sodium nebula has been observed to show variations in its brightness due to the volcanic activity on Io as mentioned in this paper, and the brightness increased by three times during this enhancement, while the D-line brightness had been stably faint and dim until January 2015, but it showed a distinct enhancement from February through March 2015.

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39 citations

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Journal Article•DOI•

The extended sodium nebula of Jupiter

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Michael Mendillo¹, Jeffrey Baumgardner¹, Brian Flynn¹, W. Jeffrey Hughes¹•Institutions (1)

Boston University¹

22 Nov 1990-Nature

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported the detection of neutral sodium at distances beyond ∼400 RI, an observation that requires the ejection rate of sodium atoms to be increased, which is impossible on theoretical grounds and probably indistinguishable from terrestrial sodium airglow.

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Abstract: THE detection of a cloud of neutral sodium near Jupiter's moon Io1 has led to the use of sodium as a tracer of processes in the jovian environment. Although relatively rare in the Io–Jupiter system, sodium atoms are easily detected because of their high efficiency for scattering sunlight at wavelengths of ∼5,890 A. Direct imaging of the sodium cloud2 has suggested that sodium atoms are a common feature close to Io (at distances of about six Io radii, RIo) and detection of high-speed sodium jets3 suggested that sodium is present only sporadically at ∼30/RIo (ref. 4). Sodium emission has been reported at greater distances5, even as far as 60RIo (ref. 6) but these observations have been controversial in view of suggestions7 that the detection of sodium beyond ∼10RIo was implausible on theoretical grounds and probably indistinguishable from terrestrial sodium airglow. Here we report on the detection of sodium to distances beyond ∼400 RI, an observation that requires the ejection rate of sodium atoms to be increased. By relating the shape of this great nebula to conditions in the plasma torus surrounding Jupiter, we show that ground-based imaging techniques can provide information about distant planetary magnetospheres.

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99 citations

"Io's volcanic control of Jupiter's ..." refers background or methods in this paper

...The imaging technique used to observe Jup sodium nebula has been described in several previous w (Mendillo et al., 1990; Baumgardner and Mendillo, 199 Baumgardner et al., 1993)....
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...The distant Na∗ atoms in the nebula were successfu imaged for the first time in December 1989(Mendillo et al., 1990; Flynn et al., 1994)and at yearly intervals since then....
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...Given the primary role of volcanic activity (lava flow and plumes) in producing Io’s atmosphere, it is reason to expect that Io’s sodium clouds and plasma torus sh be affected by changes in Io’s volcanism....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Photochemistry of a Volcanically Driven Atmosphere on Io: Sulfur and Oxygen Species from a Pele-Type Eruption

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Julianne I. Moses¹, Mikhail Yu. Zolotov², Bruce Fegley²•Institutions (2)

Lunar and Planetary Institute¹, University of Washington²

01 Mar 2002-Icarus

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a one-dimensional atmospheric model in which a variety of sulfur-, oxygen-, sodium-, potassium-, and chlorine-bearing volatiles are volcanically outgassed at Io's surface and then evolve due to photolysis, chemical kinetics, and diffusion.

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97 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Loki, Io: A periodic volcano

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Julie A. Rathbun¹, Julie A. Rathbun², John R. Spencer¹, A. G. Davies³, Robert R. Howell⁴, Lionel Wilson⁵ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (5)

Lowell Observatory¹, University of Redlands², California Institute of Technology³, University of Wyoming⁴, Lancaster University⁵

15 May 2002-Geophysical Research Letters

TL;DR: In this paper, a simple lava cooling model was applied to temperatures in Loki Patera, and eruption start and end times, and it was shown that brightenings are due to a resurfacing wave propagating across the patera.

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Abstract: Loki is the most powerful volcano in the Solar System. It has been observed to be in continuous though variable activity since 1979. Synthesis of more than a decade of groundbased data suggests that Loki eruptions are cyclic, with a 540 day period. Application of a simple lava cooling model to temperatures in Loki Patera, and eruption start and end times, implies that brightenings are due to a resurfacing wave propagating across the patera. The data are most consistent with lava lake overturn, but resurfacing by lava flows cannot be ruled out. A porosity gradient in the lake crust could cause lava lake overturn to occur periodically on the timescale observed.

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82 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Simulation of gas dynamics and radiation in volcanic plumes on Io

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Ju Zhang¹, David Goldstein¹, Philip L. Varghese¹, Natalia Gimelshein², Sergey F. Gimelshein², Deborah A. Levin² - Show less +2 more•Institutions (2)

University of Texas at Austin¹, Pennsylvania State University²

01 May 2003-Icarus

TL;DR: In this article, two types of low density axisymmetric SO2 plume flows are modeled using the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method using the infrared emission spectra along different lines-of-sight through the plume and with the DSMC modeled emission images of the whole flow field.

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78 citations

"Io's volcanic control of Jupiter's ..." refers background in this paper

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...Hemispheric d ference in surface and atmospheric properties are cle important for diurnal photochemistry effects(Moses et al., 2002a, 2002b), and also in models of plume gas dynam (Zhang et al., 2003)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The response of Jupiter's magnetosphere to an outburst on Io.

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Michael E. Brown¹, Antonin Bouchez¹•Institutions (1)

California Institute of Technology¹

10 Oct 1997-Science

TL;DR: The response of the Plasma torus to this outburst shows that the interaction between Io and Jupiter's magnetosphere is stabilized by a feedback mechanism in which increases in the plasma torus mass cause a nonlinear increase in loss from the plasmatorus, limiting plasma buildup.

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Abstract: A 6-month-long monitoring campaign of the Io plasma torus and neutral cloud was conducted to determine the characteristics of their interaction. During the observations, a large outburst of material from Io—inferred to be caused by the eruption of a volcanic plume on Io—caused a transient increase in the neutral cloud and plasma torus masses. The response of the plasma torus to this outburst shows that the interaction between Io and Jupiter's magnetosphere is stabilized by a feedback mechanism in which increases in the plasma torus mass cause a nonlinear increase in loss from the plasma torus, limiting plasma buildup.

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78 citations

"Io's volcanic control of Jupiter's ..." refers background in this paper

...Brown and Bouchez (1997)were able to study shorter time sca with data on neutral and plasma conditions covering doz of nights within a one-year period, but without the benefi having volcanic activity indicators....
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...However, there is observational evid that the sodium escape rate is indicative of S escape rate the only study of its kind,Brown and Bouchez (1997)monitored the brightness of the Na clouds and of the S+ torus around Jupiter for nine months, and observed a monthbrightening in Na followed by a longer…...
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