Io's volcanic control of Jupiter's extended neutral clouds

doi:10.1016/J.ICARUS.2004.03.009

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Io's volcanic control of Jupiter's extended neutral clouds

Journal Article•DOI•

Io's volcanic control of Jupiter's extended neutral clouds

Michael Mendillo¹, Jody K. Wilson¹, John R. Spencer², John Stansberry³•Institutions (3)

Boston University¹, Lowell Observatory², University of Arizona³

01 Aug 2004-Icarus (Academic Press)-Vol. 170, Iss: 2, pp 430-442

TL;DR: In this article, dramatic changes in the brightness and shape of Jupiter's extended sodium nebula are found to be correlated with the infrared emission brightness of Io, and they conclude that silicate volcanism on Io controls both the rate and the means by which sodium escapes from Io's atmosphere.

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About: This article is published in Icarus.The article was published on 2004-08-01. It has received 42 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Atmospheric escape & Population.

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Journal Article•DOI•

STIS Coronagraphic Imaging of Fomalhaut: Main Belt Structure and the Orbit of Fomalhaut b

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Paul Kalas¹, Paul Kalas², James R. Graham³, James R. Graham², Michael P. Fitzgerald⁴, Mark Clampin⁵ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (5)

Search for extraterrestrial intelligence¹, University of California, Berkeley², University of Toronto³, University of California, Los Angeles⁴, Goddard Space Flight Center⁵

04 Sep 2013-The Astrophysical Journal

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented new optical coronagraphic data of Fomalhaut b obtained with HST/STIS in 2010 and 2012, and the two epochs of Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) photometry exclude optical variability greater than 35%.

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Abstract: We present new optical coronagraphic data of Fomalhaut obtained with HST/STIS in 2010 and 2012. Fomalhaut b is recovered at both epochs to high significance. The observations include the discoveries of tenuous nebulosity beyond the main dust belt detected to at least 209AU projected radius, and a approx. 50AU wide azimuthal gap in the belt northward of Fomalhaut b. The two epochs of Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) photometry exclude optical variability greater than 35%. A Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis demonstrates that the orbit of Fomalhaut b is highly eccentric, with e = 0.8 +/- 0.1, a = 177 +/- 68AU, and q = 32 +/- 24AU. Fomalhaut b is apsidally aligned with the belt and 90% of allowed orbits have mutual inclination <=36 deg. Fomalhaut b's orbit is belt crossing in the sky plane projection, but only 12% of possible orbits have ascending or descending nodes within a 25AU wide belt annulus. The high eccentricity invokes a dynamical history where Fomalhaut b may have experienced a significant dynamical interaction with a hypothetical planet Fomalhaut c, and the current orbital configuration may be relatively short-lived. The Tisserand parameter with respect to a hypothetical Fomalhaut planet at 30AU or 120AU lies in the range 2-3, similar to highly eccentric dwarf planets in our solar system. We argue that Fomalhaut b's minimum mass is that of a dwarf planet in order for a circumplanetary satellite system to remain bound to a sufficient radius from the planet to be consistent with the dust scattered light hypothesis. In the coplanar case, Fomalhaut b will collide with the main belt around 2032, and the subsequent emergent phenomena may help determine its physical nature.

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175 citations

Cites background from "Io's volcanic control of Jupiter's ..."

...These variations are correlated to the volcanic activity of Io (Mendillo et al. 2004)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Cassini UVIS observations of the Io plasma torus. IV. Modeling temporal and azimuthal variability

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Andrew J. Steffl¹, Peter A. Delamere², Fran Bagenal²•Institutions (2)

Southwest Research Institute¹, University of Colorado Boulder²

01 Mar 2008-Icarus

TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a model of the remarkable temporal and azimuthal variability of the Io plasma torus observed during the Cassini encounter with Jupiter, where the authors postulate the existence of two azimated variations in the number of superthermal electrons in the torus: a primary variation with a period of 10.07 h and a secondary variation that remains fixed in System III longitude.

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83 citations

Cites background from "Io's volcanic control of Jupiter's ..."

...When torus ions becomes neutralized, the resulting atom is no longer constrained by Jupiter’s magnetic field and is quickly lost from the Io torus, eventually forming an extended nebula hundreds of jovian radii in size (Mendillo et al., 2004)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The Space Environment of Io and Europa

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Fran Bagenal¹, Vincent Dols¹•Institutions (1)

University of Colorado Boulder¹

01 May 2020-Journal of Geophysical Research

77 citations

Cites background or methods from "Io's volcanic control of Jupiter's ..."

...Mendillo et al. (2004, 2007) show a variation in brightness and shape with Io's volcanic activity—the disk having angular edges (like an anulus) when Io is particularly active compared with an oblate spheroid during quiet times....
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...There are multiple observations of changes in the amount of neutral gas and plasma escaping from Io (Bouchez et al., 2000; Brown & Bouchez, 1997; de Kleer & de Pater, 2016; Delamere et al., 2005; Koga et al., 2018a, 2018b, 2019; Mendillo et al., 2004; Morgenthaler et al., 2019; Nozawa et al., 2006, 2004, 2005; Schmidt et al., 2018; Steffl et al., 2004b; Yoneda et al., 2015, 2010)....
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...…escaping from Io (Bouchez et al., 2000; Brown & Bouchez, 1997; de Kleer & de Pater, 2016; Delamere et al., 2005; Koga et al., 2018a, 2018b, 2019; Mendillo et al., 2004; Morgenthaler et al., 2019; Nozawa et al., 2006, 2004, 2005; Schmidt et al., 2018; Steffl et al., 2004b; Yoneda et al., 2015,…...
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...Studies of Io's extended neutral clouds showed variations with local time and Io's orbital phase (Flynn et al., 1994; Mendillo et al., 1992, 2004; Yoneda et al., 2015) and a source of 1–4 × 1026 atoms per second....
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...The sublimation/condensation response of the atmosphere to day/night/eclipse variations was modeled by Moore et al. (2009) and Walker et al....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Composition of jovian dust stream particles

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Frank Postberg, Sascha Kempf, Ralf Srama, Simon F. Green¹, Jon K. Hillier¹, Neil McBride¹, Eberhard Grün² - Show less +3 more•Institutions (2)

Open University¹, University of Hawaii²

01 Jul 2006-Icarus

TL;DR: In this paper, the mass spectra of jovian stream particles were used to determine the chemical composition of particles, and the results imply that the vast majority (>95%) of the observed stream particles originate from the volcanic active jovians satellite Io from where they are sprinkled out far into the Solar System.

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68 citations

Cites background from "Io's volcanic control of Jupiter's ..."

...Furthermore, its abundance is dependent on the volcanic activity on the moon (Lellouch et al., 2003; Mendillo et al., 2004)....
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...It is evident that it does escape from the moon’s gravitational influence, forming the major source for Na and Cl species in the ionian system (Fegley and Zolotov, 2000; Küppers and Schneider, 2000; Schneider et al., 2000; Moses et al., 2002a; Lellouch et al., 2003; Mendillo et al., 2004)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Brightening event seen in observations of Jupiter’s extended sodium nebula

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Mizuki Yoneda¹, Mizuki Yoneda², Masato Kagitani¹, Fuminori Tsuchiya¹, Takeshi Sakanoi¹, S. Okano¹ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (2)

Tohoku University¹, Kiepenheuer Institut für Sonnenphysik²

15 Nov 2015-Icarus

TL;DR: Jupiter's sodium nebula has been observed to show variations in its brightness due to the volcanic activity on Io as mentioned in this paper, and the brightness increased by three times during this enhancement, while the D-line brightness had been stably faint and dim until January 2015, but it showed a distinct enhancement from February through March 2015.

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39 citations

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Journal Article•DOI•

Discovery of chlorine in the Io torus

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Michael Küppers, Nicholas M. Schneider

15 Feb 2000-Geophysical Research Letters

TL;DR: In this paper, the discovery of singly ionized chlorine in the Io plasma torus through the detection of emission at 857.9 nm corresponds to a Cl + abundance of 2±0.5% relative to all ions.

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Abstract: We report the discovery of singly ionized chlorine in the Io plasma torus through the detection of emission at 857.9 nm. The 40 Rayleigh peak intensity at 857.9 nm corresponds to a Cl + abundance of 2±0.5% relative to all ions. Since Cl + probably originates at Io, Io's atmosphere must have the highest proportion of chlorine of any solar system body. While Cl + plays only a minor role in torus physics, the presence of chlorine in Io's atmosphere, surface, and interior has more profound implications. Salt as a solid or gas is probably an important source of both Na and Cl in Io's vicinity.

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71 citations

"Io's volcanic control of Jupiter's ..." refers background in this paper

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...…to specify the unknown molecular ion containing sodium, there is cons erable evidence for calling it NaCl+. Observations of Cl+ in the plasma torus(Kuppers and Schneider, 2000), direct detection of NaCl in Io’s atmosphere(Lellouch et al., 2003), and a recent set of atmospheric models for…...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Eruption conditions of Pele volcano on Io inferred from chemistry of its volcanic plume

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Mikhail Yu. Zolotov¹, Bruce Fegley¹•Institutions (1)

Washington University in St. Louis¹

01 Sep 2000-Geophysical Research Letters

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used thermodynamic models and published 1996 HST observations of SO2, SO, and monatomic sulfur gas in the Pele volcanic plume on Jupiter's moon Io to evaluate the temperature (1440 K) and oxidation state (3.3 log fO2 units below the Ni-NiO buffer) of Pele's magma and exsolved volcanic gas.

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Abstract: We use thermodynamic models and published 1996 Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of SO2, SO, and monatomic sulfur gas in the Pele volcanic plume on Jupiter's moon Io to evaluate the temperature (1440 K) and oxidation state (3.3 log fO2 units below the Ni-NiO buffer) of Pele's magma and exsolved volcanic gas. Combination of these results with 1999 HST data on the SO2/S2 ratio in the Pele plume allows us to calculate pressures (10−4.7–10−5.4 bar) in the vicinity of volcanic vent and to present a detailed chemical model for the plume. Our model indicates that the Pele plume represents volcanic gas, which last equilibrated at magmatic temperature and was not significantly altered in the plume. Finally, the redox state of Pele plume indicates that Io is differentiated and has an oxidized, Fe-metal free mantle.

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66 citations

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Journal Article•DOI•

Monochromatic imaging instrumentation for applications in aeronomy of the earth and planets

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Jeffrey Baumgardner¹, Brian Flynn¹, Michael Mendillo¹•Institutions (1)

Boston University¹

01 Dec 1993-Optical Engineering

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a monochromatic imaging instrumentation that uses narrow-band interference filters or plane reflection gratings for 2D imaging and imaging spectrograph applications.

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Abstract: Monochromatic imaging instrumentation has been developed that uses narrow-band [12-A full width at half maximum (FWHP)] interference filters or plane reflection gratings for 2-D imaging and imaging spectrograph applications. By changing the optics in front of the filter or grating, the field of view of the instruments can be varied from 180 deg (all sky) to 6 deg (narrow field). In the case of the 2-D monochromatic imager, the 12-mm-diam. filtered image is formed at ~f/1 on the input photocathode of an intensified CCD camera (380 x 488 pixels). Regardless of the field of view of the instrument, none of the rays passing through the filter exceeds 4.5 deg to the filter normal. In the spectrograph mode, a slit is placed on the field lens (at the focus of the objective lens) and the 4-in. interference filter is replaced with a reflection grating. The spectrum is imaged at f/1 onto the previously described detector with the spatial dimension of 380 pixels and the wavelength dimension of 488 pixels. The sensitivities of the systems are approximately 50 to 100 rayleigh seconds (Rs) (SNR~2). Examples of data taken with both of these instruments include detection and mapping of Jupiter's sodium magnetonebula and stable auroral red (SAR) arcs in the terrestrial ionosphere.

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66 citations

"Io's volcanic control of Jupiter's ..." refers methods in this paper

...The imaging technique used to observe Jup sodium nebula has been described in several previous w (Mendillo et al., 1990; Baumgardner and Mendillo, 199 Baumgardner et al., 1993)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Hot spots on Io: Initial results from Galileo's near infrared mapping spectrometer

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R. Lopes-Gautier¹, A. G. Davies¹, Robert W. Carlson¹, William D. Smythe¹, L. W. Kamp¹, L. A. Soderblom², F. Leader³, R. Mehlman³ - Show less +4 more•Institutions (3)

California Institute of Technology¹, United States Geological Survey², University of California, Los Angeles³

15 Oct 1997-Geophysical Research Letters

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented preliminary analysis of NIMS thermal data for the first four orbits of the Galileo mission and found that the distribution of hot spots on Io's surface may not be random, as hot spots surround the two bright, SO2-rich regions of Bosphorus and Colchis Regio.

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Abstract: The Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer on Galileo has monitored the volcanic activity on Io since June 28, 1996. This paper presents preliminary analysis of NIMS thermal data for the first four orbits of the Galileo mission. NIMS has detected 18 new hot spots and 12 others which were previously known to be active. The distribution of the hot spots on Io's surface may not be random, as hot spots surround the two bright, SO2-rich regions of Bosphorus Regio and Colchis Regio. Most hot spots scan to be persistently active from orbit to orbit and 10 of those detected were active in 1979 during the Voyager encounters. We report the distribution of hot spot temperatures and find that they are consistent with silicate volcanism.

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63 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

A history of high‐temperature Io volcanism: February 1995 to May 1997

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John R. Spencer¹, John Stansberry¹, Christophe Dumas², David Vakil³, Randy Pregler¹, Michael Hicks³, Keith Hege³ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (3)

Lowell Observatory¹, University of Hawaii², University of Arizona³

15 Oct 1997-Geophysical Research Letters

TL;DR: In this paper, ground-based observations of Io's infrared thermal emission between February 1995 and May 1997 show several discrete brightenings for which we can constrain locations, fluxes, and durations.

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Abstract: Ground-based observations of Io's infrared thermal emission between February 1995 and May 1997 show several discrete brightenings for which we can constrain locations, fluxes, and durations. Several of these were brief high-temperature events, with temperatures up to at least 1500 K, similar to but often smaller than the rare “outbursts” seen previously. Loki, Io's most powerful volcano, was relatively active before and probably during Galileo's December 1995 Io flyby, was faint during most of 1996, and began a major, long-lived brightening between February 20 and March 12 1997. Thermal emission was not seen from Ra Patera, site of an active plume in Galileo images. Major outbursts were seen on March 2nd and September 27 1995.

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61 citations