Ion-Imprinted Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption of Radionuclides.
TL;DR: In this article, the use of ion-imprinted polymers for the adsorption of 10 important radionuclides (U, Th, Cs, Sr, Ce, Tc, La, Cr, Ni, Co) found in the nuclear fuel cycle is discussed.
Abstract: Growing concern over the hazardous effect of radionuclides on the environment is driving research on mitigation and deposition strategies for radioactive waste management. Currently, there are many techniques used for radionuclides separation from the environment such as ion exchange, solvent extraction, chemical precipitation and adsorption. Adsorbents are the leading area of research and many useful materials are being discovered in this category of radionuclide ion separation. The adsorption technologies lack the ability of selective removal of metal ions from solution. This drawback is eliminated by the use of ion-imprinted polymers, these materials having targeted binding sites for specific ions in the media. In this review article, we present recently published literature about the use of ion-imprinted polymers for the adsorption of 10 important hazardous radionuclides—U, Th, Cs, Sr, Ce, Tc, La, Cr, Ni, Co—found in the nuclear fuel cycle.
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TL;DR: In this article, an itemized review list thorough literature over the last decade from 2010 until present and highlights the main results related to adsorption studies where IIPs are used as SPE adsorbents for the selective separation of heavy metals.
Abstract: Because of its many advantages, solid phase extraction (SPE) is considered to be the best process for removing heavy metals from water. Ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) have been broadly used in the last decade as SPE adsorbents for the retention of metals ions from aqueous solutions. This itemized review list thorough literature over the last decade from 2010 until present and highlights the main results related to adsorption studies where IIPs are used as SPE adsorbents for the selective separation of heavy metals. In the first part of this review elaboration methods, components, and major polymerization techniques to produce IIPs have been described. In the second part, synthesis parameters, adsorption performance and a descriptive analysis of SPE of heavy metals by IIPs have been provided. In this review it is underlined that there are many parameters to optimize in order to obtain the required performance of the IIPs. These parameters are mainly linked to synthesis process and one of the most important is the synthesis of new ligands to improve the selectivity with respect to the target ion.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a review of the current state of the art in the conception and performances of IIP-based electrochemical sensors (IIPECS) can be found.
Abstract: Quantification of trace levels of metal ions is an important issue in terms of health and environment safety. Ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) are synthetic materials that present excellent selectivity properties. Therefore, when combined with electrochemical sensors, proven to be low-cost and time-efficient, they can act as remarkably selective receptors. The development of these type of electrochemical sensors has seen an increase in attention in the past decade. The aim of this review is to give the current state of the art in the conception and performances of IIP-based electrochemical sensors (IIPECS). It is illustrated by many examples of applications that prove the high potential of IIPECS to quantify metal ions in a wide range of real samples with high sensitivity and selectivity.
13 citations
TL;DR: A core-shell amino-functionalized glycidyl methacrylate magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized by the suspension polymerization/surface imprinting method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mercury porosimetry, nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption, and elemental analysis as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: A core-shell amino-functionalized glycidyl methacrylate magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized by the suspension polymerization/surface imprinting method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mercury porosimetry, nitrogen gas adsorption–desorption, and elemental analysis. This MIP was used as the sorbent in dispersive solid-phase microextraction (DSPME) of aniline from textile wastewater prior to high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) measurements. Since aniline is toxic and a probable human carcinogen, its determination in water is of great significance. This is a challenging task because aniline is usually present at trace levels. The effects of different DSPME variables on the preconcentration efficiency have been studied by using the Plackett–Burman screening design of experiments (DoE) followed by response surface methodology optimization using the Box-Behnken design. Thus, DoE enabled the investigation of several variables simultaneously. Under optimized conditions, aniline was effectively and selectively separated by a small amount of the DSPME sorbent and detected in real textile wastewater samples. The method detection limit of 1 ng mL−1 was attained, with good method linearity and acceptable recovery and precision. The results showed that the studied MIP could be a reliable DSPME sorbent for efficiently analyzing trace aniline in real wastewater samples.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a review of the advancements of carbon nitride framework materials in sample preparation is presented, where the preparation methods of CNFs with different chemical structures are introduced and modification strategies for improving adsorption efficiency and selectivity are summarized.
Abstract: Sample preparation is an indispensable process in sample analysis. Solid-phase extraction technology can isolate and enrich target analytes from complex matrices, eliminating potential interferences and improving method parameters such as sensitivity, accuracy and precision. Carbon nitride framework materials (CNFs) consisted with tri- s -triazine units have attracted increasing attention as solid-phase extractants in analytical fields. The affluent in-built N-rich functional groups and large delocalized large π bonds structure endow CNFs excellent extraction capacity and selectivity based on chemical complexation, ions exchange, strong π-π conjugation, hydrogen bond interaction and electrostatic interaction. In this review, we focus on the advancements of CNFs materials in sample preparation. The preparation methods of CNFs with different chemical structures are introduced. Besides, modification strategies for improving adsorption efficiency and selectivity of CNFs are summarized. Finally, the applications of CNFs in inorganic and organic extraction and analysis (pesticide residues, foods and environment pollution analysis) are reviewed. In this review, the preparation methods, extraction mechanism with different modes, modified strategies and the applications of carbon nitride framework materials in different analysis fields has been comprehensively summarized, which is necessary and significative for development and exploration the carbon nitride materials in sample preparation. • The sample preparation based on carbon nitride framework materials are summarized. • The synthesis, extraction mechanism and relevant influence factors of carbon nitride framework materials are discussed. • Various functionalized strategies of carbon nitride framework materials for sample preparation are explored and developed. • The extraction and analysis application of carbon nitride framework materials are summarized. • The forecasts and challenges of carbon nitride framework materials in sample preparation are illustrated.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , an ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) was used to remove strontium (Sr2+) from seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) brine, and physicochemical characterization of the prepared IIP before and after adsorption was also performed using different spectroscopic methods.
6 citations
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Book•
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: Handbook of the Toxicology of Metals as discussed by the authors is the standard reference work for physicians, toxicologists and engineers in the field of environmental and occupational health, which is a comprehensive review of the effects on biological systems from metallic elements and compounds.
Abstract: "Handbook of the Toxicology of Metals" is the standard reference work for physicians, toxicologists and engineers in the field of environmental and occupational health. This new edition is a comprehensive review of the effects on biological systems from metallic elements and their compounds. An entirely new structure and illustrations represent the vast array of advancements made since the last edition. Special emphasis has been placed on the toxic effects in humans with chapters on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of metal poisoning.This up-to-date reference provides easy access to a broad range of basic toxicological data and also gives a general introduction to the toxicology of metallic compounds. It covers up-to-date toxicological information on 31 metallic elements and their compounds, each in a separate chapter. It includes new chapters on general chemistry, biological monitoring and biomarkers, essential metals, principles for prevention of the toxic effects of metals, and more.
2,967 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a method analogous to a mechanism of antibody formation proposed earlier, by which in the presence of interacting monomers a cross-linked polymer is formed around a molecule that acts as a template.
Abstract: Can binding sites be produced in organic or inorganic polymers—similar to those in antibodies—which are able to recognize molecules and which may have catalytic action? In this article we review a method, analogous to a mechanism of antibody formation proposed earlier, by which in the presence of interacting monomers a cross-linked polymer is formed around a molecule that acts as a template. After removal of the template, an imprint containing functional groups capable of chemical interaction remains in the polymer. The shape of the imprint and the arrangement of the functional groups are complementary to the structure of the template. If chiral templates are used, the success of the imprinting process can be assessed by the ability of the polymer to resolve the racemate of the template molecule. Through optimization of the process has led to chromatographic separation factors of α = 4–8, and to base line separations. There is also great interest in the surface imprinting of solid materials and monolayers. In all cases, the structure of the polymeric matrix in the imprinted materials and the function of the binding groups are of crucial importance. The mechanisms of imprinting and molecular recognition of substrates are by now well understood. A large number of potential applications for this class materials are being intensively developed, for example in the chromatogrphic resolution of recemates, and as artificial antibodies, chemosensors, and selective catalysts. The use of similarly produced materials as enzyme models is also of great interest.
2,113 citations
2,025 citations
TL;DR: A review of chitosan composites for removing dyes and heavy metal ions can be found in this article, where a list of composites with their adsorption capacity and experimental conditions has been compiled.
1,746 citations
TL;DR: This critical review briefly reviews the current status of MIT, particular emphasis on significant progresses of novel imprinting methods, some challenges and effective strategies for MIT, and highlighted applications of MIPs.
Abstract: Molecular imprinting technology (MIT) concerns formation of selective sites in a polymer matrix with the memory of a template. Recently, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have aroused extensive attention and been widely applied in many fields, such as solid-phase extraction, chemical sensors and artificial antibodies owing to their desired selectivity, physical robustness, thermal stability, as well as low cost and easy preparation. With the rapid development of MIT as a research hotspot, it faces a number of challenges, involving biological macromolecule imprinting, heterogeneous binding sites, template leakage, incompatibility with aqueous media, low binding capacity and slow mass transfer, which restricts its applications in various aspects. This critical review briefly reviews the current status of MIT, particular emphasis on significant progresses of novel imprinting methods, some challenges and effective strategies for MIT, and highlighted applications of MIPs. Finally, some significant attempts in further developing MIT are also proposed (236 references).
1,468 citations