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Journal ArticleDOI

Ionic conductivity studies on Li1−xM2−xM′xP3O12 (H = Hf, Zr; M′ = Ti, Nb)

TL;DR: In this paper, fast ion conductors based on Li 1−x M 2 −x M−xM′ x P 3 O 12 (M = Hf, Zr; M′ = Ti, Nb) structures have been synthesized and the electrical transport properties are studied to determine their ionic conductivities.
About: This article is published in Materials Research Bulletin.The article was published on 1989-02-01. It has received 35 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Ionic conductivity & Lithium.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the state of the art in solid lithium and sodium ion conductors, with an emphasis on inorganic materials, is presented, where correlations between the composition, structure and conductivity of these solid electrolytes are illustrated and strategies to boost ion conductivity are proposed.
Abstract: Among the contenders in the new generation energy storage arena, all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have emerged as particularly promising, owing to their potential to exhibit high safety, high energy density and long cycle life. The relatively low conductivity of most solid electrolytes and the often sluggish charge transfer kinetics at the interface between solid electrolyte and electrode layers are considered to be amongst the major challenges facing ASSBs. This review presents an overview of the state of the art in solid lithium and sodium ion conductors, with an emphasis on inorganic materials. The correlations between the composition, structure and conductivity of these solid electrolytes are illustrated and strategies to boost ion conductivity are proposed. In particular, the high grain boundary resistance of solid oxide electrolytes is identified as a challenge. Critical issues of solid electrolytes beyond ion conductivity are also discussed with respect to their potential problems for practical applications. The chemical and electrochemical stabilities of solid electrolytes are discussed, as are chemo-mechanical effects which have been overlooked to some extent. Furthermore, strategies to improve the practical performance of ASSBs, including optimizing the interface between solid electrolytes and electrode materials to improve stability and lower charge transfer resistance are also suggested.

793 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of crystalline lithium-ion conducting materials is presented with a focus on those suitable for high temperature battery applications, both oxides and non-oxides.

294 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Yaoyu Ren1, Chen Kai1, Rujun Chen1, Ting Liu1, Yibo Zhang1, Ce-Wen Nan1 
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive review on the oxide electrolytes with high-lithium-ion conductivity, with special emphasis on the aspect of materials selection and design for applications as solid electrolytes in lithium batteries, is presented.
Abstract: As the most promising candidate of the solid electrolyte materials for future lithium batteries, oxide electrolytes with high–lithium-ion conductivity have experienced a rapid development in the past few decades. Existing oxide electrolytes are divided into two groups, i.e., crystalline group including NASICON, perovskite, garnet, and some newly developing structures, and amorphous/glass group including Li2O–MOx (M = Si, B, P, etc.) and LiPON-related materials. After a historical perspective on the general development of oxide electrolytes, we try to give a comprehensive review on the oxide electrolytes with high–lithium-ion conductivity, with special emphasis on the aspect of materials selection and design for applications as solid electrolytes in lithium batteries. Some successful examples and meaningful attempts on the incorporation of oxide electrolytes in lithium batteries are also presented. In the conclusion part, an outlook for the future direction of oxide electrolytes development is given.

210 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the activation energy involved in the motion of Li+ ions along the conduction channels of the NASICON framework has been determined from electrical conductivity measurements in samples of composition LiM2(PO4)3 and LiMM(PO 4)3, where M and M are Ge, Ti, Sn, and Hf.
Abstract: The activation energy involved in the motion of Li+ ions along the conduction channels of the NASICON framework has been determined from electrical conductivity measurements in samples of composition LiM2(PO4)3 and LiMM‘(PO4)3, where M and M‘ are Ge, Ti, Sn, and Hf, all compounds belonging to space group R3c. Two lithium sites, M1 and M2, inside the channels, can be distinguished. The sites are connected through triangular bottlenecks of oxygen atoms, and the size of the bottleneck has been estimated from refined and simulated structures for each composition. The plot of activation energy vs bottleneck size shows two regimes: for sizes up to 2.04 A the activation energy decreases steeply, but above 2.04 A the activation energy is almost constant. These regimes are discussed on the basis of the effective Li+ ionic radius for the compounds analyzed.

169 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Sodium zirconium phosphate [NZP] structural family, of which NaZr[sub 2]P[sub 3]O[sub 12] is the parent composition, has been reviewed as a host ceramic waste form for nuclear waste immobilization.

162 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 1977-Nature
TL;DR: A review of dielectric data for a wide range of solids proves the existence of a remarkable "universality" of frequency and time responses which is essentially incompatible with the multiplicity of currently accepted detailed interpretations as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A review of dielectric data for a wide range of solids proves the existence of a remarkable ‘universality’ of frequency and time responses which is essentially incompatible with the multiplicity of currently accepted detailed interpretations. Certain unique features of the universal behaviour strongly suggest the dominant role of many-body interactions.

4,234 citations

Book
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: In this article, a brief description is given of the various manifestations of the universal fractional power law relaxation processes, which are contrasted with the classical or Debye law, and a novel very general approach based on the so-called energy criterion is introduced.
Abstract: A brief description is given of the various manifestations of the universal fractional power law relaxation processes, which are contrasted with the classical or Debye law. It is shown that the universal law is indeed found in a remarkable variety of physical and chemical situations, and this is deemed to merit a special attempt at finding a suitably general theoretical model. Several such models are briefly described, and a novel very general approach based on the so-called energy criterion is introduced. It is concluded that it is not yet possible to establish with certainty the validity of any of the models. >

4,012 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the a.c. conductivity σ(ω) of ionic materials is derived from the new expression ω(0) = A ωpn and the carrier concentration is estimated from σ (0).

435 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a method for the extraction of d.c. conductivities, hopping rates and for estimating carrier concentration effects is described for three different types of material, single-crystal LiGaO2, β″-alumina and Na/Ag β alumina.
Abstract: Over a wide range of frequencies, the a.c. conductivity of ionic materials shows two regions of frequency-dependent conductivity. These are each characterized by a term Kω p 1− ω n where K, n are constants, ω p is a fundamental frequency identified with the hopping rate and ω is the measuring frequency. This behaviour is an example of Jonscher's Law of Dielectric Response for ionic conductors. In many cases, the region of low-frequency dispersion approximates to a frequency-independent plateau which may be taken as the d.c. conductivity. In others, a significant low-frequency dispersion is present and cannot be ignored in determining the effective d.c. conductivity. A method for the extraction of d.c. conductivities, hopping rates and for estimating carrier concentration effects is described. Data for three different types of material, single-crystal LiGaO2, β″-alumina and Na/Ag β-alumina are used to illustrate the method.

224 citations