Ionic Liquids--Solvents of the Future?
31 Oct 2003-Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)-Vol. 302, Iss: 5646, pp 792-793
TL;DR: Rogers and Seddon as discussed by the authors reviewed recent progress on developing new ionic liquid solvents for use in chemical synthesis, catalysis, fuel cells, and other applications.
Abstract: Ionic liquids are composed entirely of ions. Because of the wide range of possible binary and ternary ionic liquids, they offer a potentially wide range of solvent properties. In their Perspective,
Rogers and Seddon
review recent progress on developing new ionic liquid solvents for use in chemical synthesis, catalysis, fuel cells, and other applications. Ionic liquids are considered advantageous not only because of their versatility but also for their "green" credentials, although it is important to remember that not all ionic liquids are environmentally benign. One industrial process has been reported, and others may not be far behind. The authors conclude that in the next decade, ionic liquids are likely to replace conventional solvents in many applications.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: There have been parallel and collaborative exchanges between academic research and industrial developments since the materials were first reported in 1914, it is demonstrated.
Abstract: In contrast to a recently expressed, and widely cited, view that “Ionic liquids are starting to leave academic labs and find their way into a wide variety of industrial applications”, we demonstrate in this critical review that there have been parallel and collaborative exchanges between academic research and industrial developments since the materials were first reported in 1914 (148 references)
4,865 citations
TL;DR: The chemical structure and relevant biological properties of chitosan for regenerative medicine have been summarized as well as the methods for the preparation of controlled drug release devices and their applications.
2,312 citations
TL;DR: This review discusses the basic principles of the electrical double-layer (EDL), especially regarding the correlation between ion size/ion solvation and the pore size of porous carbon electrodes, and summarizes the key aspects of various carbon materials synthesized for use in supercapacitors.
Abstract: Electrical energy storage (EES) is one of the most critical areas of technological research around the world. Storing and efficiently using electricity generated by intermittent sources and the transition of our transportation fleet to electric drive depend fundamentally on the development of EES systems with high energy and power densities. Supercapacitors are promising devices for highly efficient energy storage and power management, yet they still suffer from moderate energy densities compared to batteries. To establish a detailed understanding of the science and technology of carbon/carbon supercapacitors, this review discusses the basic principles of the electrical double-layer (EDL), especially regarding the correlation between ion size/ion solvation and the pore size of porous carbon electrodes. We summarize the key aspects of various carbon materials synthesized for use in supercapacitors. With the objective of improving the energy density, the last two sections are dedicated to strategies to increase the capacitance by either introducing pseudocapacitive materials or by using novel electrolytes that allow to increasing the cell voltage. In particular, advances in ionic liquids, but also in the field of organic electrolytes, are discussed and electrode mass balancing is expanded because of its importance to create higher performance asymmetric electrochemical capacitors.
2,140 citations
2,067 citations
1,656 citations
References
More filters
Book•
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: The early years of Ionic liquid production were covered in this article, where a new generation of soluble supports for Supported Organic Synthesis (SPOS) was proposed. But this support was not applied to the task-specific Ionic liquids.
Abstract: Preface A Note From The Editors THE EARLY YEARS OF IONIC LIQUIDS SYNTHESIS AND PURIFICATION Synthesis Quality Aspects and other Questions Related to Commercial Ionic Liquid Production Synthesis of Task-specific Ionic Liquids PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Melting Points Viscosity and Density Solubility and Solvation in Ionic Liquids Gas Solubilities Polarity Electrochemistry STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS Order in the Liquid State and Structure Computational Modelling of Ionic Liquids Translational Diffusion Molecular Reorientational Dynamics ORGANIC SYNTHESIS Ionic Liquids in Organic Synthesis: Effects on Rate and Selectivity Stoicheiometric Organic Reactions and Acid-catalysed Reactions in Ionic Liquids Transition Metal Catalysis in Ionic Liquids Ionic Liquids in Multiphasic Reactions Task Specific Ionic Liquids (TSILs): A New Generation of Soluble Supports for Supported Organic Synthesis (SPOS) Supported Ionic Liquid Phase Catalysts Multiphasic Catalysis Using Ionic Liquids in Combination with Compressed CO2 INORGANIC SYNTHESIS Directed Inorganic and Organometallic Synthesis Making of Inorganic Materials by Electrochemical Methods Ionic Liquids in Material Synthesis: Functional Nanoparticles and Other Inorganic Nanostructures POLYMER SYNTHESIS IN IONIC LIQUIDS BIOCATALYTIC REACTIONS IN IONIC LIQUIDS INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF IONIC LIQUIDS CONLUDING REMARKS AND OUTLOOK
3,423 citations
TL;DR: Hydrophilic ionic liquids can be salted-out and concentrated from aqueous solution upon addition of kosmotropic salts forming aqueously biphasic systems as illustrated by the phase behavior of mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and K3PO4.
Abstract: Hydrophilic ionic liquids can be salted-out and concentrated from aqueous solution upon addition of kosmotropic salts forming aqueous biphasic systems as illustrated by the phase behavior of mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl) and K3PO4.
960 citations
TL;DR: The first book devoted to room-temperature ionic liquids is as mentioned in this paper, which is a must for chemists interested in environmental protection, synthesis, catalysis, or the modern chemical industry.
Abstract: The first book devoted to room-temperature ionic liquids, and it is a must for chemists interested in environmental protection, synthesis, catalysis, or the modern chemical industry
882 citations
TL;DR: Some of the issues raised by the development of "green chemistry" techniques are explored and potential barriers to their implementation by industry are identified.
Abstract: The chemical industry plays a key role in sustaining the world economy and underpinning future technologies, yet is under unprecedented pressure from the effects of globalization and change in many of its traditional markets. Against this background, what will be needed for the industry to embrace efforts to make it “greener”? We explore some of the issues raised by the development of “green chemistry” techniques and identify potential barriers to their implementation by industry.
759 citations
TL;DR: Several ionic liquids appear as an alternative to conventional organic solvents, providing comparable or higher rates and, in some cases, improved enantioselectivity.
725 citations