Is Alzheimer's disease a Type 3 Diabetes? A critical appraisal.
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Cites background from "Is Alzheimer's disease a Type 3 Dia..."
...Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects more than 5 million Americans, with numbers expected to grow as the population ages [1, 2]....
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Cites background from "Is Alzheimer's disease a Type 3 Dia..."
...Finally, Alzheimer disease is strongly associated with chronic insulin resistance (36)....
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"Is Alzheimer's disease a Type 3 Dia..." refers background in this paper
...The key molecule for the neuroprotective function of IGF/insulin signaling is PKB (Akt) which may be mediated by direct phosphorylation of known regulators of apoptosis, such as the proapoptoticmitochondrial protein Bad [51,52] and the transcription factor FOXO [53–55], as well as the pro-survival transcription factors CREB [56] and NF-kB [57,58]....
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...A critical appraisal☆ Ramesh Kandimalla a,⁎, Vani Thirumala a,b, P. Hemachandra Reddy a,c a Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States b BSA Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA c Departments of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Neuroscience & Pharmacology and Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer's disease; BBB, blood br Advanced Glycation End products; AGE, advanced g interleukin 1 beta; Aβ, amyloid beta; TNF∝, tumor transforming growth factor beta; ApoE4, apolipoprote precursor protein; Aβ, β-amyloid; T2DM, type 2 diabetes kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B; GSK3β, Gl NMDAR, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; AMPAR, α-a isoxazolepropionic acid receptor; Bax, Bcl2 associated X protein; Bcl2, B-cell leukemia/lymphoma2; Drp1, dynamin loid-beta-derived diffusible ligands; AβOs, β-amyloid amyloid polypeptide; IR, insulin receptor; IRS, insulin r phatidylinositol 3-kinase; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4 phatidylinositol 3,4,5 trisphosphate; PKB, protein kinase GABA, gamma amino butyric acid; PSD-95, post synaptic d ease; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RNS, reactive nitrogen ed protein kinase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; GSH-Px catalase; Bad, Bcl2 associated death promoter; FOXO, Fork ing transcription factor 4; eIF2a, eukaryotic translation cerebro ventricular; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; LTP, long term potentiation; PERK, PKR-like endoplasmic stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase; CREB, cAMP-res PS1, presenilins 1; PS2, presenilins 2; BIM, Bcl like prote trophic factor; IDE, insulin degrading enzyme; STZ, stre proliferator-activated receptors; VDAC1, voltage depende ☆ This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxida Quality in Diabetes/Obesity and Critical Illness Spec P. Hemachandra Reddy....
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...apoptoticmitochondrial protein Bad [51,52] and the transcription factor FOXO [53–55], as well as the pro-survival transcription factors CREB...
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