Q2. What is the way to improve the frequency of data available to HAN devices?
Transmitting events/transitions instead of raw load profiles could significantly improve the frequency of data available toHAN devices, as band-with is currently the bottleneck.
Q3. What is the way to show the tradeoff between sensitivity and specificity?
the use of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is likely to be beneficial in showing the tradeoff between sensitivity (probability of Type II error or false negatives) and specificity (probability of Type The authorerror or false positives).
Q4. What is the main reason why automated recommendations facilitate greater energy reductions?
Determining how much energy is consumed by different appliances is a first step, and automated recommendation and action systems next steps, to realizing savings.
Q5. What is the important reason why appliance information facilitates greater energy reductions?
Diagnostics can be performed, for example, to achieve auto-commissioning – recommended adjustments to the building operation to improve performance and efficiency - and fault detection - notification if an appliance should be fixed because it is consuming more energy than it should due to a malfunction (Hart, 1992).
Q6. What are the advantages of smart meters?
Smart meters, given their widespread roll-outs, and ability to circumvent cost and effort barriers, offer an opportunity for quick, sweeping market penetration of sensing hardware required for disaggregation.
Q7. What can be done to improve the representation of behavior in energy models?
More granular data can also improve their understanding of energy consumption patterns, and this can be used to improve the representation of behavior in energy models.
Q8. How many meters are currently being deployed in the U.S.?
Regarding the size of the market, as of June 2011 approximately 20 million meters had beendeployed in the U.S. with more planned 19 ; furthermore, software based disaggregation can also be run with millions of already deployed AMR (Automatic Meter Reading) meters containing Itron technology.
Q9. What is the lynchpin to realizing large-scale, cost-effective energy savings?
In summary, disaggregation may be the lynchpin to realizing large-scale, cost-effectiveenergy savings in residential and commercial buildings.
Q10. What would be the way to address the sampling, storage, and processing issues discussed here?
Another way of addressing the sampling, storage, and processing issues discussed here would be to build meters in the future with a serial port and a power supply.
Q11. What is the way to improve wattage granularity?
Improving wattage granularity by enhancing A/D converter resolution (details in Section 6.1.2) would also improve recognition, particularly of smaller electronics, which is of increasing importance given plug loads are the fastest growing segment of electricity use (Ecos, 2006, 2011).
Q12. Why is the energy signal swamped in an aggregate?
This is because energy savings resulting from a given behavior are likely to be swamped in an aggregate energy signal, particularly because consumers are likely to change only a small number of behaviors at any given time.
Q13. Why do utilities need to improve their energy efficiency programs?
The uptake of energy efficient appliances and electronics may increase because consumers know where energy efficiency improvements need to be made in their homes, or which appliances should be repaired or replaced.
Q14. What should be considered when considering policy rulings and technology specifications for current and future smart meters?
Public utility commissions, utilities, and meter manufacturers should consider therecommendations above when contemplating policy rulings and technology specifications for current and future smart meters.
Q15. What is the frequency of the data used to disaggregate appliances?
22Note that the number of appliances or end uses to be disaggregated for gas, water, and transportation is fewer than with electricity, which makes disaggregation easier.
Q16. What is the value of plug monitors in commercial buildings?
As a preliminary indication of the size of potential savings, pilot studies with plug monitors in commercial buildings have identified institutional rules and automation that saved a total of between 15-40% of electricity consumed across the dozens of devices monitored (Mercier & Moorefield, 2011; Houk, 2010).
Q17. What configuration could be used to send data to the cloud?
Any of these configurations could also send data to the cloud for disaggregation (instead of performing disaggregation on the HAN device/router/home computer), as an intermediate step before sending information to the consumer displays.