Is there a role for carbohydrate restriction in the treatment and prevention of cancer
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
The possible beneficial effects of low CHO diets on cancer prevention and treatment are addressed, with emphasis on the role of insulin and IGF1 signaling in tumorigenesis as well as altered dietary needs of cancer patients.Abstract:
Over the last years, evidence has accumulated suggesting that by systematically reducing the amount of dietary carbohydrates (CHOs) one could suppress, or at least delay, the emergence of cancer, and that proliferation of already existing tumor cells could be slowed down. This hypothesis is supported by the association between modern chronic diseases like the metabolic syndrome and the risk of developing or dying from cancer. CHOs or glucose, to which more complex carbohydrates are ultimately digested, can have direct and indirect effects on tumor cell proliferation: first, contrary to normal cells, most malignant cells depend on steady glucose availability in the blood for their energy and biomass generating demands and are not able to metabolize significant amounts of fatty acids or ketone bodies due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Second, high insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels resulting from chronic ingestion of CHO-rich Western diet meals, can directly promote tumor cell proliferation via the insulin/IGF1 signaling pathway. Third, ketone bodies that are elevated when insulin and blood glucose levels are low, have been found to negatively affect proliferation of different malignant cells in vitro or not to be usable by tumor cells for metabolic demands, and a multitude of mouse models have shown antitumorigenic properties of very low CHO ketogenic diets. In addition, many cancer patients exhibit an altered glucose metabolism characterized by insulin resistance and may profit from an increased protein and fat intake. In this review, we address the possible beneficial effects of low CHO diets on cancer prevention and treatment. Emphasis will be placed on the role of insulin and IGF1 signaling in tumorigenesis as well as altered dietary needs of cancer patients.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Calories, carbohydrates, and cancer therapy with radiation: exploiting the five R’s through dietary manipulation
Rainer J. Klement,Colin E. Champ +1 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that CR and KDs may act synergistically with radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer patients and some guidelines for implementing these dietary interventions into clinical practice are provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Ketogenic Diet Reduces Central Obesity and Serum Insulin in Women with Ovarian or Endometrial Cancer.
Caroline W. Cohen,Kevin R. Fontaine,Rebecca C. Arend,Ronald D. Alvarez,Charles A. Leath,Warner K. Huh,Kerri S. Bevis,Kenneth H. Kim,John Michael Straughn,Barbara A. Gower +9 more
TL;DR: In women with ovarian or endometrial cancer, a ketogenic diet results in selective loss of fat mass and retention of lean mass and Elevated serum β-hydroxybutyrate may reflect a metabolic environment inhospitable to cancer proliferation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of a ketogenic diet intervention during radiotherapy on body composition: I. Initial clinical experience with six prospectively studied patients
TL;DR: The data lend support to the hypothesis that KDs administered as supportive measures during standard therapy are safe and might be helpful in preservation of muscle mass and weight loss occurred in all patients, although this was only significant in two patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Ketogenic Dieting on Body Composition, Strength, Power, and Hormonal Profiles in Resistance Training Men.
Jacob M. Wilson,Ryan P. Lowery,Michael D. Roberts,Matthew H Sharp,Jordan M. Joy,Kevin A Shields,Jeremy M. Partl,Jeff S. Volek,Dominic P. D’Agostino +8 more
TL;DR: The KD can be used in combination with resistance training to cause favorable changes in body composition, performance, blood lipids, and hormonal profiles in resistance-trained athletes.
Journal ArticleDOI
A ketogenic diet increases transport and oxidation of ketone bodies in RG2 and 9L gliomas without affecting tumor growth.
Henk M. De Feyter,Kevin L. Behar,Jyotsna U. Rao,Kirby Madden-Hennessey,Kevan Ip,Fahmeed Hyder,Lester R. Drewes,Jean Francois H. Geschwind,Robin A. de Graaf,Douglas L. Rothman +9 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that rat gliomas can oxidize ketone bodies and indicate upregulation of ketone body transport when fed a ketogenic diet, contradict the hypothesis that brain tumors are metabolically inflexible and show the need for additional research on the use of ketogenic diets as therapy targeting brain tumor metabolism.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation.
TL;DR: Recognition of the widespread applicability of these concepts will increasingly affect the development of new means to treat human cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cancer-related inflammation.
TL;DR: The molecular pathways of this cancer-related inflammation are now being unravelled, resulting in the identification of new target molecules that could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Why do cancers have high aerobic glycolysis
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose that persistent metabolism of glucose to lactate even in aerobic conditions is an adaptation to intermittent hypoxia in pre-malignant lesions, which leads to microenvironmental acidosis requiring evolution to phenotypes resistant to acid-induced cell toxicity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Extending Healthy Life Span-From Yeast to Humans
TL;DR: Dietary restriction and reduced activity of nutrient-sensing pathways may slow aging by similar mechanisms, which have been conserved during evolution, and their potential application to prevention of age-related disease and promotion of healthy aging in humans, and the challenge of possible negative side effects.