ISMC for Boost-Derived DC–DC–AC Converter: Mitigation of $2\omega$ -Ripple and Uncertainty, and Improvement in Dynamic Performance
01 Apr 2020-IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE))-Vol. 35, Iss: 4, pp 4353-4364
TL;DR: The proposed ISM-based controller amalgamates SMC with a new dual-loop adaptive PID-control (as the nominal control) and supports the reduction of $2\omega$-ripple at the input of converter.
Abstract: In controller design, the classical control techniques have their distinct advantages and capabilities. The integral sliding-mode control (ISMC) leverages the merits of such control techniques by allowing their merger with the sliding-mode control (SMC). ISMC is composed of two components, a nominal control designed using any methodology and a discontinuous-SMC, and thus the system can have specified performance with high degree of robustness. The proposed work achieves multiple objectives, i.e., mitigates $2\omega$ -ripple, ensures robustness, and improves dynamic performance. The proposed ISM-based controller amalgamates SMC with a new dual-loop adaptive PID-control (as the nominal control). The discontinuous-SMC part ensures robustness against the matched-uncertainty, i.e., disturbances entering through the input channel such as parametric variations, exogenous disturbances, modeling-error, and the nominal control mitigate $2\omega$ -ripple at the input of dc–dc–ac converter. Moreover, the adaptive nature of nominal control improves the system performance at the large line-load transients unlike the conventional control. Furthermore, the proposed controller supports the reduction of $2\omega$ -ripple at the input of converter. The proposed control scheme is validated using 1-kW prototype.
Citations
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TL;DR: This paper provides a comprehensive review of the control approaches and the power-decoupling topologies to mitigate the ripple problem in the single-phase inverters, its solutions, and discusses open challenges yet to be addressed.
Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive review of the control approaches and the power-decoupling topologies to mitigate 2ω-ripple problem in the single-phase inverters, its solutions, and discusses open challenges yet to be addressed. The cause and effects of 2ω-ripple problem and its solution based on the passive and active power-decoupling techniques are discussed. A subcategory of the active power-decoupling technique nominated as the control-oriented compensation technique is reviewed in detail, this technique can achieve the ripple-mitigation at the source through the control but not necessarily adds extra circuit or active filter to the system. The control-oriented compensation techniques can be applied in the two-stage DC-DC-AC converters and the single-stage inverters having a front-end control capability with the H-bridge such as in the quasi-switched-boost inverters. The merits and associated challenges of these techniques are listed and summarized in a tabular form. Finally, a conclusive discussion with open challenges is presented.
39 citations
Cites background from "ISMC for Boost-Derived DC–DC–AC Con..."
...Effect of bandwidth of voltage-loop in dual-loop control: trade-off between ripple-reduction and dynamic performance of DC-DC-AC converter [107]....
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...Comparison of simulation results for different voltage-loop bandwidths or fv [107](see Fig....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a single-phase ac to three-phase AC converter that uses a small film capacitor instead of large electrolytic capacitors is proposed, and its performance is evaluated through both simulations and experiments.
Abstract: Single-phase ac to three-phase ac converters are needed in numerous applications, including motor drives used for residential applications. These converters, however, suffer from an inherent problem of mismatch between instantaneous input and output powers. Specifically, the instantaneous input power has a dc component along with an alternating component with double-line frequency, while the three-phase instantaneous output power is only dc. Conventional single-phase ac to three-phase ac converters use large electrolytic capacitors to handle this mismatch of power. However, these electrolytic capacitors may have high failure rates, which contribute to reduced lifetime of the converters. Moreover, these capacitors can be bulky and heavy. This article introduces a new single-phase ac to three-phase ac converter that uses a small film capacitor instead of large electrolytic capacitors. Despite using a small film capacitor, the double-line frequency harmonic does not appear at the input or output currents/voltages. The principles of the operation of the proposed topology are presented in this article, and its performance is evaluated through both simulations and experiments.
8 citations
Cites methods from "ISMC for Boost-Derived DC–DC–AC Con..."
...Using a dual-loop control method based on sliding mode control is reported in [32] that mitigates 2ω ripples as well....
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TL;DR: In this article , the state model of the dc-dc boost converter is modified in such a way that it behaves like a minimum-phase system, where the control input entering the state equation for the output voltage is treated as an unknown disturbance to make the relative degree of the system equal the system's order.
Abstract: The nonminimum-phase property of the dc–dc boost converter can create difficulties in designing a stable, robust, and fast control for the output voltage. In this article, these difficulties are reduced by modifying the state model of the boost converter in such a way that it behaves like a minimum-phase system. More specifically, the control input entering the state equation for the output voltage is treated as an unknown disturbance to make the relative degree of the system equal the system’s order. As a result, the modified model does not exhibit zero dynamics, so that it can be treated as a minimum-phase system for the control design. The modified model is, then, used to derive a dynamic compensator for the output voltage regulation. More explicitly, the dynamic compensator is designed based on combining linearizing feedback control with a disturbance observer. The latter is employed to compensate for model uncertainties and unknown load with a view to ensure asymptotic regulation under the composite controller. The asymptotic regulation is achieved due to the integral action property characterizing the disturbance observer. More interestingly, after simple algebraic manipulation, it turns out that the composite controller reduces to a dynamic state feedback control plus an antiwindup scheme to mitigate the effect of control saturation during transients. The performance of the proposed controller is verified by experimental tests. The experimental results demonstrate the ability of the proposed controller to achieve good transient and steady-state performances.
6 citations
DOI•
TL;DR: In this article , the state model of the dc-dc boost converter is modified in such a way that it behaves like a minimum-phase system, where the control input entering the state equation for the output voltage is treated as an unknown disturbance to make the relative degree of the system equal the system's order.
Abstract: The nonminimum-phase property of the dc–dc boost converter can create difficulties in designing a stable, robust, and fast control for the output voltage. In this article, these difficulties are reduced by modifying the state model of the boost converter in such a way that it behaves like a minimum-phase system. More specifically, the control input entering the state equation for the output voltage is treated as an unknown disturbance to make the relative degree of the system equal the system’s order. As a result, the modified model does not exhibit zero dynamics, so that it can be treated as a minimum-phase system for the control design. The modified model is, then, used to derive a dynamic compensator for the output voltage regulation. More explicitly, the dynamic compensator is designed based on combining linearizing feedback control with a disturbance observer. The latter is employed to compensate for model uncertainties and unknown load with a view to ensure asymptotic regulation under the composite controller. The asymptotic regulation is achieved due to the integral action property characterizing the disturbance observer. More interestingly, after simple algebraic manipulation, it turns out that the composite controller reduces to a dynamic state feedback control plus an antiwindup scheme to mitigate the effect of control saturation during transients. The performance of the proposed controller is verified by experimental tests. The experimental results demonstrate the ability of the proposed controller to achieve good transient and steady-state performances.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a series linear regulator and a high-frequency high-power dc interleaved converter were proposed to obtain a low level of the output ripple as well as the limited value of the stored energy.
Abstract: High-voltage dc power supplies (HVDCPSs) have been widely adopted for the vacuum tubes. In this application field, the low ripple voltage cannot be easily achieved by increasing the size of the output capacitance of the HVDCPS due to the limited permissible level of the stored energy. To obtain a low level of the output ripple as well as the limited value of the stored energy, the previously published literature proposed switching frequency increment. This approach has several shortcomings such as switching power loss increment, a limited level of the achievable ripple, and low value of the insulators’ lifetime. To improve the mentioned deficiencies, this article hybridizes the series linear regulator and a high-frequency high-power dc interleaved converter. Using the proposed method, at the first stage, the level of the ripple decreases to a rational margin with increasing the ripple frequency. At the second stage, the level of the ripple reduces using the linear regulator to reach the expected precision. In order to validate the performance of the proposed structure, simulation and experimental results are provided for a 15-kV and 22.5-kW converter with the output voltage precision of 0.02%.
4 citations
Cites background from "ISMC for Boost-Derived DC–DC–AC Con..."
..., mitigates 2ω-ripple, ensures robustness, and improves dynamic performance [19], [20]....
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References
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TL;DR: This paper proposes a comprehensive modeling for single-phase qZS-PV inverter system with a real PV source is established and discussed without and with a PV terminal capacitor, and the system parameter design method is proposed to mitigate this ripple.
Abstract: The second harmonic $(2\omega)$ power ripple of single-phase quasi-Z-source (qZS) photovoltaic (PV) inverter highly affects the whole system's design and performance. The topology's $2\omega$ ripple model is very important to analyze qZS PV inverter's $2\omega$ voltage and current ripple. The existing models did not consider the PV-panel dynamic and terminal capacitors, which causes the theoretical results apart from the truth. In this paper, a comprehensive modeling for single-phase qZS-PV inverter is proposed, where the $2\omega$ ripple model of the qZS-PV inverter system with a real PV source is established and discussed without and with a PV terminal capacitor. The influences from qZS inductance and capacitance, and PV-panel terminal capacitance to the $2\omega$ voltage and current ripple are investigated using the built model. The system parameter design method is proposed to mitigate this ripple. Simulation and experimental results validate the proposed $2\omega$ ripple model and parameter design method.
99 citations
"ISMC for Boost-Derived DC–DC–AC Con..." refers background in this paper
...This low-frequency ripple may induce several problems in the system such as reduced efficiency and lifespan of the battery [4], inefficient MPPT operation in PV systems or fuelcell systems [5], [6], excessive voltage/current stress, flickering effect in LED lights [7], and thus may induce instability to the system....
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TL;DR: Based on the current mode control and load current feed forward, two control methods to achieve low SHC in the front-end dc-dc converter and fast dynamic performance during load transient are proposed.
Abstract: Two-stage single-phase inverters have been widely used as they can achieve voltage matching and galvanic isolation between the input and output. Due to the pulsating output power of the downstream inverter, an ac current at twice the output frequency, which is called second harmonic current (SHC), arises in the input side of the downstream inverter. This SHC will penetrate to the front-end dc-dc converter, leading to reduced conversion efficiency. This paper first analyzes the propagation mechanism of the SHC and load transient response of two-stage single-phase inverters from the viewpoint of output impedance. Then, based on the current mode control and load current feed forward, two control methods to achieve low SHC in the front-end dc-dc converter and fast dynamic performance during load transient are proposed in this paper. Finally, a 2-kW two-stage single-phase inverter prototype has been constructed and tested, and the experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control methods.
94 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-stage single-phase inverter with a boost-derived front-end converter was designed to reduce the second-harmonic current (SHC) by using virtual series impedance.
Abstract: The instantaneous output power of the two-stage single-phase inverter pulsates at twice the output frequency $(2f_{{\rm{o}}})$ , generating notorious second-harmonic current (SHC) in the front-end dc–dc converter and the input dc voltage source. This paper focuses on the SHC reduction for a two-stage single-phase inverter with boost-derived front-end converter. To reduce the SHC, a virtual series impedance, which has high impedance at $2f_{{\rm{o}}}$ while low impedance at other frequencies, is introduced in series with the boost diode or the boost inductor to increase the impedance of the boost-diode branch or boost-inductor branch at $2f_{{\rm{o}}}$ . Meanwhile, for achieving good dynamic performance, a virtual parallel impedance, which exhibits infinite impedance at $2f_{{\rm{o}}}$ while low impedance at other frequencies, is introduced in parallel with the dc-bus capacitor to reduce the output impedance of the boost-derived converter at the frequencies except for $2f_{{\rm{o}}}$ . The virtual series impedance is realized by the feedback of the boost-diode current or the boost-inductor current, while the virtual parallel impedance is implemented by the feedback of the dc-bus voltage. Based on the virtual-impedance approach, a variety of SHC reduction control schemes are derived. A step-by-step closed-loop parameters design approach with considerations of reducing the SHC and improving the dynamic performance is also proposed for the derived SHC reduction control schemes. Finally, a 1-kW prototype is built and tested, and experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed SHC reduction control schemes.
91 citations
TL;DR: A novel control strategy aimed at reducing the low-frequency oscillations of the fuel-cell current in order to guarantee the FC safety operating conditions is proposed and it allows one to design a strategy for extracting the maximum power from the FC stack with a total control of the concentration losses.
Abstract: The study of a double-stage single-phase inverter for fuel-cell-based applications is proposed in this paper. A novel control strategy aimed at reducing the low-frequency oscillations of the fuel-cell (FC) current in order to guarantee the FC safety operating conditions is proposed. The reduction of such oscillations increases the FC lifetime and avoids high mechanical stress of the membrane and unnecessary consumption of reactants. Furthermore, it allows one to design a strategy for extracting the maximum power from the FC stack with a total control of the concentration losses. Simulation and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
86 citations
"ISMC for Boost-Derived DC–DC–AC Con..." refers background in this paper
...1, the peak-to-peak SHC ripple in x1 with respect to average value of x1 is 80% (approx) which may not be acceptable as per different standards [1]–[3]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a power decoupling method without additional component is proposed for a dc to single-phase ac converter, which consists of a flying capacitor dc/dc converter and the voltage source inverter.
Abstract: In the present, a power decoupling method without additional component is proposed for a dc to single-phase ac converter, which consists of a flying capacitor dc/dc converter (FCC) and the voltage source inverter (VSI). In particular, a small flying capacitor in the FCC is used for both a boost operation and a double-line-frequency power ripple reduction. Thus, the dc-link capacitor value can be minimized in order to avoid the use of a large electrolytic capacitor. In addition, component design, of, e.g., the boost inductor and the flying capacitor, is clarified when the proposed control is applied. Experiments were carried out using a 1.5-kW prototype in order to verify the validity of the proposed control. The experimental results revealed that the use of the proposed control reduced the dc-link voltage ripple by 74.5%, and the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the inverter output current was less than 5%. Moreover, a maximum system efficiency of 95.4% was achieved at a load of 1.1 kW. Finally, the high power density design is evaluated by the Pareto front optimization. The power densities of three power decoupling topologies, such as a boost topology, a buck topology, and the proposed topology are compared. As a result, the proposed topology achieves the highest power density (5.3 kW/dm3) among the topologies considered herein.
67 citations
"ISMC for Boost-Derived DC–DC–AC Con..." refers background in this paper
...A large size passive filter such as electrolytic capacitor is generally used at dc link to decouple the ripple [8]....
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