Isolation and characterization of a new thermophilic Methanosarcina strain (strain MP)
TL;DR: A thermophilic Methanosarcina strain was isolated from a digester fed with water hyacinths and inoculated with ground termites from the Congo and grew on acetate, methanol and methylamines in the absence of growth factors, but could not use H2-CO2 or formate.
Abstract: A thermophilic Methanosarcina strain was isolated from a digester fed with water hyacinths and inoculated with ground termites from the Congo. Optimal growth temperature was 55 degrees C. Methane production was at its optimum between pH 6.5 and 7.0. The bacterium grew on acetate, methanol and methylamines in the absence of growth factors, but could not use H2-CO2 or formate. H2-CO2 inhibited acetate utilisation. Yeast extract and vitamins stimulated growth.
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TL;DR: In this article, the effects of pH, NH4+, acetic acid, propionic acid, S2-, Co2+, Ni2+, and NO3- concentrations on methanogenic activity were investigated in batch assays using the culture broth from the acetate reactor.
Abstract: Acontinuous-flow methane fermentation process was operated using acetate as the sole organic substrate. The phylogenetic analysis showed that 72% of the 16S rDNA clones were amliated with aceticlastic methanogens, Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina. The effects of pH, NH4+, acetic acid, propionic acid, S2-, Co2+, Ni2+, and NO3- concentrations on methanogenic activity were investigated in batch assays using the culture broth from the acetate reactor. The results showed that the patterns of specific gas evolution rate with and without pH control were different. Under the condition with pH control, the specific gas evolution rate decreased drastically when the pH was below 6.5 and over 7.5. The optimum pH was fbund to be 7 for mesophilic aceticlastic reaction. The specific gas evolution rate decreased sharply when the concentration of free NH3 exceeded 100-150mg/l; acetic acid and propionic acid did not interfere with the stability of anaerobic treatment when their concentrations were less than 3, 500mg/l and 4, 000mg/l, respectively. S2-had a toxic effect on methanogenic activity, such that the gas production rate was nearly zero at a Na2S concentration of 300mg/l; the additions of Ni2+ and Co2+ increased the gas production rate and they had almost no negative effects on methane fermentation even when their concentrations reached 10mg/l. The specific gas evolution rate also decreased sharply when the concentration of NO3- exceeded 500 mg/l which corresponded to about 110 mg-N/l.
13 citations
TL;DR: The fermentation of gelatin by different associations of bacteria, including Thermobacteroides proteolyticus, Methanobacterium sp.
Abstract: The fermentation of gelatin by different associations of bacteria, including Thermobacteroides proteolyticus, Methanobacterium sp. and Methanosarcina MP was studied. Experimental vessels were incubated at 55°C. T. proteolyticus growing axenically produced acetate, isovalerate, H2 and CO2. Traces of propionate and isobutyrate were detected. Cocultures of T. proteolyticus and Methanobacterium sp. showed an increase in propionate and isobutyrate production. The Thermobacteroides-Methanosarcina association had no effect on metabolism of T. proteolyticus, and acetate was not used.
12 citations
Cites background from "Isolation and characterization of a..."
..., unable to use formate, and an aceticlastic methanogen, Methanosarcina MP (Ollivier et al. 1984)....
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TL;DR: This review comprehensively describes the anaerobic technologies employed for simultaneous treatment and energy recovery from gelatinous wastewater, i.e., protein concentration, organic loading rate, hydraulic retention time, the substrate to inoculum (S0/X0) ratio, type of mixed culture anaerobes, carbohydrates concentration, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia and alkalinity/VFA ratio, and reactor configurations.
Abstract: Gelatin production is the most industry polluting process where huge amounts of raw organic materials and chemicals (HCl, NaOH, Ca2+) are utilized in the manufacturing accompanied by voluminous quantities of end-pipe effluent. The gelatinous wastewater (GWW) contains a large fraction of protein and lipids with biodegradability (BOD/COD ratio) exceeding 0.6. Thus, it represents a promising low-cost substrate for the generation of biofuels, i.e., H2 and CH4, by the anaerobic digestion process. This review comprehensively describes the anaerobic technologies employed for simultaneous treatment and energy recovery from GWW. The emphasis was afforded on factors affecting the biofuels productivity from anaerobic digestion of GWW, i.e., protein concentration, organic loading rate (OLR), hydraulic retention time (HRT), the substrate to inoculum (S0/X0) ratio, type of mixed culture anaerobes, carbohydrates concentration, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia and alkalinity/VFA ratio, and reactor configurations. Economic values and future perspectives that require more attention are also outlined to facilitate further advancement and achieve practicality in this domain.
10 citations
TL;DR: Thermophilic degradation of pectin was studied in batch cultures at 55°C by different associations of anaerobic bacteria, including Clostridium thermocellum, Methanobacterium sp.
Abstract: Thermophilic degradation of pectin was studied in batch cultures at 55°C by different associations of anaerobic bacteria, includingClostridium thermocellum, Methanobacterium sp., andMethanosarcina sp.Clostridium thermocellum alone produced large amounts of methanol along with some isopropanol and H2. The inoculation ofMethanobacterium sp. in the culture did not affect the metabolism ofC. thermocellum; this demonstrates the absence of interspecies hydrogen transfer. In the presence of the methylotrophicMethanosarcina sp., methanol was reduced to methane without effect on pectin hydrolysis; a small amount of the H2 produced was also used to reduce methanol.
9 citations
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: The classical way of treatment of sulfuroxyanions containing waste streams like flue- gases is a chemical process in which the sulfur compounds are fixed as the relatively insoluble gypsum (CaSO4).
Abstract: The deposition of sulfuroxyaninons like sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate by man causes severe environmental problems like anaerobiosis of surface water and acid rain. The classical way of treatment of sulfuroxyanions containing waste streams like flue- gases is a chemical process in which the sulfur compounds are fixed as the relatively insoluble gypsum (CaSO4). ... Zie: Chapter 6
8 citations
References
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TL;DR: The present study focuses on the development and outline of a new treatment based on 16-year-old ribonucleic acid, as well as evidence in support of the new taxonomic treatment.
2,745 citations
Journal Article•
1,900 citations
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: The anaerobes can be classified as oxyduric, i.e. surviving exposure to O2 but not growing in its presence, and oxylabile Species, killed by exposure to oxygen.
Abstract: Habitats devoid of oxygen include the interior of the alimentary tracts of most mammals, the lower portions of many oligotrophic lakes, the sediment underlying bodies of water, and water logged soils. Water, the continuous phase in all these habitats, is chiefly responsible for the lack of O2. One ml of water equilibrated with air contains only about 8 /il of O2, compared to 210 ?l 02/ml of air. This oxygen is soon used by aerobic microbes if other suitable foods are available. Oxygen is re moved by metabolism as rapidly as it enters anaerobic habitats. Both euryoxic and anaerobic bacteria have evolved in these habitats. In most continuously anaerobic habitats obligate anaerobes are more a bundant than euryoxic types, possibly because the latter bear a burden of aerobic metabolic capacities unused in the anaerobic environment. Usual aerobic petri plates or similar containers are suitable to culture the euryoxic microbes, but most anaerobes fail to grow in the presence of air. The anaerobes can be classed as oxyduric, i.e. surviving exposure to O2 but not growing in its presence, and oxylabile Species, killed by exposure to O2. Many oxyduric anaerobes can be handled in much the same fashion as aerobes, except that after plates are streaked they must be incubated
1,404 citations
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The anaerobes can be classified as oxyduric, i.e. surviving exposure to O2 but not growing in its presence, and oxylabile Species, killed by exposure to oxygen as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Habitats devoid of oxygen include the interior of the alimentary tracts of most mammals, the lower portions of many oligotrophic lakes, the sediment underlying bodies of water, and water logged soils. Water, the continuous phase in all these habitats, is chiefly responsible for the lack of O2. One ml of water equilibrated with air contains only about 8 /il of O2, compared to 210 ?l 02/ml of air. This oxygen is soon used by aerobic microbes if other suitable foods are available. Oxygen is re moved by metabolism as rapidly as it enters anaerobic habitats. Both euryoxic and anaerobic bacteria have evolved in these habitats. In most continuously anaerobic habitats obligate anaerobes are more a bundant than euryoxic types, possibly because the latter bear a burden of aerobic metabolic capacities unused in the anaerobic environment. Usual aerobic petri plates or similar containers are suitable to culture the euryoxic microbes, but most anaerobes fail to grow in the presence of air. The anaerobes can be classed as oxyduric, i.e. surviving exposure to O2 but not growing in its presence, and oxylabile Species, killed by exposure to O2. Many oxyduric anaerobes can be handled in much the same fashion as aerobes, except that after plates are streaked they must be incubated
1,252 citations
TL;DR: The isolation of M. jannaschii from a submarine hydrothermal vent provides additional evidence for biogenic production of CH4 from these deep-sea environments and a new species of the genus Methanococcus is proposed.
Abstract: A new extremely thermophilic methane-producing bacterium was isolated from a submarine hydrothermal vent sample collected by a research team from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution using the manned submersible ALVIN. The sample was obtained from the base of a “white smoker” chimney on the East Pacific Rise at 20° 50′ N latitude and 109° 06′ W longitude at a depth of 2600 m. The isolate was a motile irregular coccus with an osmotically fragile cell wall and a complex flagellar system. In defined medium with 80% H2 and 20% CO2, the isolate had a doubling time of 26 min at 85° C. The pH range for growth was 5.2 to 7.0 with an optimum near 6.0. NaCl was required for growth with an optimum of 2 to 3% (w/v). The mol % G+C was 31%. In cell-free extracts, methane formation from methylcoenzyme M was temperature-dependent, and H2 or formate served as electron donors. Methane formation from H2 and CO2 occurred at a much lower rate. Oligonucleotide cataloging of the 16S ribosomal RNA established the isolate as a new species of the genus Methanococcus and the name Methanococcus jannaschii is proposed. The isolation of M. jannaschii from a submarine hydrothermal vent provides additional evidence for biogenic production of CH4 from these deep-sea environments.
540 citations