Isolation and characterization of a new thermophilic Methanosarcina strain (strain MP)
TL;DR: A thermophilic Methanosarcina strain was isolated from a digester fed with water hyacinths and inoculated with ground termites from the Congo and grew on acetate, methanol and methylamines in the absence of growth factors, but could not use H2-CO2 or formate.
Abstract: A thermophilic Methanosarcina strain was isolated from a digester fed with water hyacinths and inoculated with ground termites from the Congo. Optimal growth temperature was 55 degrees C. Methane production was at its optimum between pH 6.5 and 7.0. The bacterium grew on acetate, methanol and methylamines in the absence of growth factors, but could not use H2-CO2 or formate. H2-CO2 inhibited acetate utilisation. Yeast extract and vitamins stimulated growth.
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01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: Simultaneous treatment and energy production from gelatinous wastewater (GW) is a promising approach due to saving energy, chemicals, and less excess sludge, and represents a promising substrate for biofuel production using anaerobes.
Abstract: The gelatinous industry is the most polluting process where huge quantities of chemicals (i.e., NaOH, HCl, Ca2+) are utilized in the manufacturing processes. Considerable wastewater quantities are produced and contain a big portion of protein. Discharge of such wastewater into sewerage network and/or water streams causes severe pollution problems and represents a pollution source of drinking water as well. Simultaneous treatment and energy production from gelatinous wastewater (GW) is a promising approach due to saving energy, chemicals, and less excess sludge. Fortunately, the biodegradability (BOD:COD ratio) of GW exceeds 0.6 and is rich with calcium ions; it thereby represents a promising substrate for biofuel production (H2 and CH4) using anaerobes. This chapter describes anaerobic technologies for energy production from the GW industry. Anaerobic digestion of protein-rich wastewater often results in the formation of scum and causes sludge washout, which has a negative effect on reactor performance. This problem has significantly hindered the application of the anaerobic process to the treatment of wastewaters from gelatin industries. In addition, proteins are degraded more slowly than carbohydrates. Carbohydrate presence in GW lowers the protein degradation rate. Those problems could be overcome by intentional discharge of the excess sludge from anaerobic digester and use of a two-stage system for treatment of GW.
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TL;DR: The present study focuses on the development and outline of a new treatment based on 16-year-old ribonucleic acid, as well as evidence in support of the new taxonomic treatment.
2,745 citations
Journal Article•
1,900 citations
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: The anaerobes can be classified as oxyduric, i.e. surviving exposure to O2 but not growing in its presence, and oxylabile Species, killed by exposure to oxygen.
Abstract: Habitats devoid of oxygen include the interior of the alimentary tracts of most mammals, the lower portions of many oligotrophic lakes, the sediment underlying bodies of water, and water logged soils. Water, the continuous phase in all these habitats, is chiefly responsible for the lack of O2. One ml of water equilibrated with air contains only about 8 /il of O2, compared to 210 ?l 02/ml of air. This oxygen is soon used by aerobic microbes if other suitable foods are available. Oxygen is re moved by metabolism as rapidly as it enters anaerobic habitats. Both euryoxic and anaerobic bacteria have evolved in these habitats. In most continuously anaerobic habitats obligate anaerobes are more a bundant than euryoxic types, possibly because the latter bear a burden of aerobic metabolic capacities unused in the anaerobic environment. Usual aerobic petri plates or similar containers are suitable to culture the euryoxic microbes, but most anaerobes fail to grow in the presence of air. The anaerobes can be classed as oxyduric, i.e. surviving exposure to O2 but not growing in its presence, and oxylabile Species, killed by exposure to O2. Many oxyduric anaerobes can be handled in much the same fashion as aerobes, except that after plates are streaked they must be incubated
1,404 citations
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The anaerobes can be classified as oxyduric, i.e. surviving exposure to O2 but not growing in its presence, and oxylabile Species, killed by exposure to oxygen as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Habitats devoid of oxygen include the interior of the alimentary tracts of most mammals, the lower portions of many oligotrophic lakes, the sediment underlying bodies of water, and water logged soils. Water, the continuous phase in all these habitats, is chiefly responsible for the lack of O2. One ml of water equilibrated with air contains only about 8 /il of O2, compared to 210 ?l 02/ml of air. This oxygen is soon used by aerobic microbes if other suitable foods are available. Oxygen is re moved by metabolism as rapidly as it enters anaerobic habitats. Both euryoxic and anaerobic bacteria have evolved in these habitats. In most continuously anaerobic habitats obligate anaerobes are more a bundant than euryoxic types, possibly because the latter bear a burden of aerobic metabolic capacities unused in the anaerobic environment. Usual aerobic petri plates or similar containers are suitable to culture the euryoxic microbes, but most anaerobes fail to grow in the presence of air. The anaerobes can be classed as oxyduric, i.e. surviving exposure to O2 but not growing in its presence, and oxylabile Species, killed by exposure to O2. Many oxyduric anaerobes can be handled in much the same fashion as aerobes, except that after plates are streaked they must be incubated
1,252 citations
TL;DR: The isolation of M. jannaschii from a submarine hydrothermal vent provides additional evidence for biogenic production of CH4 from these deep-sea environments and a new species of the genus Methanococcus is proposed.
Abstract: A new extremely thermophilic methane-producing bacterium was isolated from a submarine hydrothermal vent sample collected by a research team from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution using the manned submersible ALVIN. The sample was obtained from the base of a “white smoker” chimney on the East Pacific Rise at 20° 50′ N latitude and 109° 06′ W longitude at a depth of 2600 m. The isolate was a motile irregular coccus with an osmotically fragile cell wall and a complex flagellar system. In defined medium with 80% H2 and 20% CO2, the isolate had a doubling time of 26 min at 85° C. The pH range for growth was 5.2 to 7.0 with an optimum near 6.0. NaCl was required for growth with an optimum of 2 to 3% (w/v). The mol % G+C was 31%. In cell-free extracts, methane formation from methylcoenzyme M was temperature-dependent, and H2 or formate served as electron donors. Methane formation from H2 and CO2 occurred at a much lower rate. Oligonucleotide cataloging of the 16S ribosomal RNA established the isolate as a new species of the genus Methanococcus and the name Methanococcus jannaschii is proposed. The isolation of M. jannaschii from a submarine hydrothermal vent provides additional evidence for biogenic production of CH4 from these deep-sea environments.
540 citations