Isolation and characterization of a thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium, Desulfotomaculum thermosapovorans sp. nov
01 Apr 1995-International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (Microbiology Society)-Vol. 45, Iss: 2, pp 218-221
TL;DR: It is proposed that strain MLFT is a member of a new species, Desulfotomaculum thermosapovorans, which would be the first thermophilic, spore-forming sulfate-reducing bacterium of its kind to be isolated from a butyrate enrichment culture.
Abstract: Strain MLFT(T = type strain), a new thermophilic, spore-forming sulfate-reducing bacterium, was characterized and was found to be phenotypically, genotypically, and phylogenetically related to the genus Desulfotomaculum. This organism was isolated from a butyrate enrichment culture that had been inoculated with a mixed compost containing rice hulls and peanut shells. The optimum temperature for growth was 50°C. The G+C content of the DNA was 51.2 mol%. Strain MLFTincompletely oxidized pyruvate, butyrate, and butanol to acetate and presumably CO2. It used long-chain fatty acids and propanediols. We observed phenotypic and phylogenetic differences between strain MLFTand other thermophilic Desulfotomaculum species that also oxidize long-chain fatty acids. On the basis of our results, we propose that strain MLFTis a member of a new species, Desulfotomaculum thermosapovorans.
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TL;DR: It is shown that values of DeltaGr(0) for many microbially mediated reactions are highly temperature dependent, and that adopting values determined at 25 degrees C for systems at elevated temperatures introduces significant and unnecessary errors.
Abstract: Thermophilic and hyperthermophilic Archaea and Bacteria have been isolated from marine hydrothermal systems, heated sediments, continental solfataras, hot springs, water heaters, and industrial waste They catalyze a tremendous array of widely varying metabolic processes As determined in the laboratory, electron donors in thermophilic and hyperthermophilic microbial redox reactions include H2, Fe(2+), H2S, S, S2O3(2-), S4O6(2-), sulfide minerals, CH4, various mono-, di-, and hydroxy-carboxylic acids, alcohols, amino acids, and complex organic substrates; electron acceptors include O2, Fe(3+), CO2, CO, NO3(-), NO2(-), NO, N2O, SO4(2-), SO3(2-), S2O3(2-), and S Although many assimilatory and dissimilatory metabolic reactions have been identified for these groups of microorganisms, little attention has been paid to the energetics of these reactions In this review, standard molal Gibbs free energies (DeltaGr(0)) as a function of temperature to 200 degrees C are tabulated for 370 organic and inorganic redox, disproportionation, dissociation, hydrolysis, and solubility reactions directly or indirectly involved in microbial metabolism To calculate values of DeltaGr(0) for these and countless other reactions, the apparent standard molal Gibbs free energies of formation (DeltaG(0)) at temperatures to 200 degrees C are given for 307 solids, liquids, gases, and aqueous solutes It is shown that values of DeltaGr(0) for many microbially mediated reactions are highly temperature dependent, and that adopting values determined at 25 degrees C for systems at elevated temperatures introduces significant and unnecessary errors The metabolic processes considered here involve compounds that belong to the following chemical systems: H-O, H-O-N, H-O-S, H-O-N-S, H-O-C(inorganic), H-O-C, H-O-N-C, H-O-S-C, H-O-N-S-C(amino acids), H-O-S-C-metals/minerals, and H-O-P For four metabolic reactions of particular interest in thermophily and hyperthermophily (knallgas reaction, anaerobic sulfur and nitrate reduction, and autotrophic methanogenesis), values of the overall Gibbs free energy (DeltaGr) as a function of temperature are calculated for a wide range of chemical compositions likely to be present in near-surface and deep hydrothermal and geothermal systems
678 citations
Cites background from "Isolation and characterization of a..."
...C1 As written: Archaeoglobus lithotrophicus [37], Desulfotomaculum auripigmentum [393], Desulfacinum infernum [206], Desulfonatronum lacustre [394], Thermodesulfobacterium mobile [265], Thermodesulfobacterium commune [263], Desulfotomaculum putei [175], Desulfotomaculum luciae [175,208], Archaeoglobus profundus [331], Thermodesulfovibrio yellowstonii [267], Desulfotomaculum kuznetsovii [207], Desulfotomaculum geothermicum [35], Desulfonatronovibrio hydrogenovorans [395], Desulfotomaculum thermocisternum [180], Desulfotomaculum thermosapovorans [212], A....
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...thermosapovorans [212] E91 strain TD3[436] E92 strain TD3[436]...
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...thermosapovorans can also utilize long chain fatty acids C5^C10, C12, C16, C18, C20, and C22 with sulfate, sul¢te and thiosulfate for growth [212]....
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this comprehensive survey of literature an inventory of the mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi isolated during several phases of composting (including also self-heating organic materials) is presented.
Abstract: Composting is a controlled self-heating, aerobic solid phase biodegradative process of organic materials The process comprises mesophilic and thermophilic phases involving numerous microorganisms In several successive steps, microbial communities degrade organic substrates into more stable, humified forms and inorganic products, gener- ating heat as a metabolic waste product Due to the complexity of substrates and intermedi- ate products, microbial diversity and the succession of populations is a prerequisite to ensure complete biodegradation Due to the dynamic process, both in time and space (microhabi- tats), which is reflected by constantly changing pH, humidity, oxygen partial pressure and temperature it is extremely difficult to detect, albeit isolate, all the microorganisms involved Research on composts is also so difficult because the process can hardly be simulated in the laboratory since all major gas and temperature fluxes are to a large extent determined by the physical extension of the system In this comprehensive survey of literature an inventory of the mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi isolated during several phases of composting (including also self-heating organic materials) is presented
445 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of the microbiology, biokinetics, current and potential applications of the bacteria of the sulphur cycle and the reactions which are carried out by these versatile microorganisms.
379 citations
TL;DR: Standardized breath gas measurements combined with ever-improving molecular methodologies could provide novel strategies to prevent, diagnose or manage numerous colonic disorders.
Abstract: Colonic gases are among the most tangible features of digestion, yet physicians are typically unable to offer long-term relief from clinical complaints of excessive gas. Studies characterizing colonic gases have linked changes in volume or composition with bowel disorders and shown hydrogen gas (H(2)), methane, hydrogen sulphide, and carbon dioxide to be by-products of the interplay between H(2)-producing fermentative bacteria and H(2) consumers (reductive acetogens, methanogenic archaea and sulphate-reducing bacteria [SRB]). Clinically, H(2) and methane measured in breath can indicate lactose and glucose intolerance, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and IBS. Methane levels are increased in patients with constipation or IBS. Hydrogen sulphide is a by-product of H(2) metabolism by SRB, which are ubiquitous in the colonic mucosa. Although higher hydrogen sulphide and SRB levels have been detected in patients with IBD, and to a lesser extent in colorectal cancer, this colonic gas might have beneficial effects. Moreover, H(2) has been shown to have antioxidant properties and, in the healthy colon, physiological H(2) concentrations might protect the mucosa from oxidative insults, whereas an impaired H(2) economy might facilitate inflammation or carcinogenesis. Therefore, standardized breath gas measurements combined with ever-improving molecular methodologies could provide novel strategies to prevent, diagnose or manage numerous colonic disorders.
230 citations
TL;DR: Almost complete 16S ribosomal DNA sequences were determined for the type strains of nine species belonging to the genus Desulfotomaculum and for seven strains described as strains of this genus, representing a new genus which branches most closely to the family Desulfitobacterium.
Abstract: Almost complete 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences were determined for the type strains of nine species belonging to the genus Desulfotomaculum and for seven strains described as strains of this genus. The sequences were compared with previously published 16S rDNA and rRNA sequences of the type strains of the other species of the genus. The majority of the species form a phylogenetically coherent cluster within the Clostridium-Bacillus subphylum of gram-positive bacteria. The cluster consists of phylogenetically well-separated lineages containing (i) Desulfotomaculum nigrificans, Desulfotomaculum aeronauticum, and Desulfotomaculum ruminis, (ii) Desulfotomaculum geothermicum, Desulfotomaculum thermosapovorans, and Desulfotomaculum sapomandens, (iii) Desulfotomaculum kuznetsovii, Desulfotomaculum australicum, and Desulfotomaculum thermocisternum, (iv) Desulfotomaculum thermobenzoicum and Desulfotomaculum thermoacetoxidans, and (v) Desulfotomaculum acetoxidans. Some as-yet-undescribed Desulfotomaculum strains are phylogenetically well-separated from strains of the described species. Desulfotomaculum guttoideum shares extremely high 16S rDNA similarity with certain Clostridium species (e.g., Clostridium sphenoides and Clostridium celerecrescens) and is most likely a misidentified species. Desulfotomaculum orientis represents a new genus which branches most closely to the genus Desulfitobacterium. The name Desulfosporosinus orientis gen. nov., comb. nov., is proposed for this taxon.
215 citations
References
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01 Jan 1969
10,262 citations
TL;DR: This chapter presents factors that are considered in developing stringently anaerobic techniques and in describing the procedure and rationale of roll-tube method.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter presents factors that are considered in developing stringently anaerobic techniques and in describing the procedure and rationale of roll-tube method. A roll-tube method was developed in which agar medium was distributed as a thin layer over the internal surface of test tubes charged with an anaerobic atmosphere for the isolation of obligately anaerobic bacteria of the rumen. In the roll-tube method, exposure of bacteria and culture medium to air is avoided by displacing the air in the culture vessel with an oxygen-free gas, such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, or mixtures of these gases. Carbon dioxide is the gas of choice because it is heavier than air, relatively cheap, and valuable in buffering. Vessels are stoppered under conditions preventing access of air. The cultures require no special incubators and can be removed and examined with no anaerobic precautions if kept stoppered. If opened, anaerobiosis can be continuously maintained during necessary manipulations, and the culture again closed without exposure to oxygen.
1,417 citations
TL;DR: A method was developed for the detection of small density differences among macromolecules and the distribution of the heavy nitrogen isotope N15 among molecules of DNA following the transfer of a uniformly N15-labeled, exponentially growing bacterial population to a growth medium containing the ordinary nitrogen isotopes.
Abstract: Studies of bacterial transformation and bacteriaphage infection1–5 strongly indicate that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) can carry and transmit hereditary information and can direct its own replication. Hypotheses for the mechanism of DNA replication differ in the predictions they make concerning the distribution among progeny molecules of atoms derived from parental molecules.6
Radioisotopic labels have been employed in experiments bearing on the distribution of parental atoms among progeny molecules in several organisms.6–9 We anticipated that a label which imparts to the DNA molecule an increased density might permit an analysis of this distribution by sedimentation techniques. To this end, a method was developed for the detection of small density differences among macromolecules.10 By use of this method, we have observed the distribution of the heavy nitrogen isotope N15 among molecules of DNA following the transfer of a uniformly N15-labeled, exponentially growing bacterial population to a growth medium containing the ordinary nitrogen isotope N14.
A small amount of DNA in a concentrated solution of cesium chloride is centrifuged until equilibrium is closely approached. The opposing processes of sedimentation and diffusion have then produced a stable concentration gradient of the cesium chloride. The concentration and pressure gradients result in a continuous increase of density along the direction of centrifugal force. The macromolecules of DNA present in this density gradient are driven by the centrifugal field into the region where the solution density is equal to their own buoyant density.11 This concentrating tendency is opposed by diffusion, with the result that at equilibrium a single species of DNA is distributed over a band whose width is inversely related to the molecular weight of that species (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1.
Ultraviolet absorption photographs showing successive stages …
1,045 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a colloidal solution of copper sulfide was determined spectrophotometrically as a colloid solution of sulfide, and the maximum deviation error was below 5%.
683 citations