Isolation and characterization of two phytoalexins from rice as momilactones A and B
TL;DR: In this article, two phytoalexins were isolated as chromatographically homogeneous amorphous solids from UV-irradiated, dark-grown rice coleoptiles.
About: This article is published in Phytochemistry.The article was published on 1981-03-13. It has received 182 citations till now.
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01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of antifungal metabolites in higher plants is presented, and a distinction is made between constitutive agents and phytoalexins, which are specifically formed in response to fungal inoculation.
Abstract: Index-Flowering plants; antifungal agents; constitutive compounds; phytoalexins; second- ary metabolites. Abstract-Recent work on the characterization of antifungal metabolites in higher plants is reviewed. Interesting new structures are discussed and the distribution of those substances in different plant families is outlined. Distinction is made between constitutive antifungal agents and phytoalexins, which are specifically formed in response to fungal inoculation. The literature survey covers the 12 years since 1982. INTRODUCTION A fungal spore landing on the leaf surface of a plant has to combat a complex series of defensive barriers set up by the plant before it can germinate, grow into the plant tissues and survive. The arsenal of weapons against the fungus includes physical barriers (e.g. a thick cuticle) and chemical ones, i.e. the presence or accumulation of anti- fungal metabolites. These can be preformed in the plant, the so called ‘constitutive antifungal substances’, or they are induced after infection involving de
474 citations
408 citations
TL;DR: Current work on the characterization of antifungal metabolites in higher plants is reviewed and interesting new structures are discussed and the distributi are discussed.
399 citations
TL;DR: The review introduces plant secondary metabolites usually with antifungal effect as well as the importance of signaling molecules in induced systemic resistance and systemic acquired resistance processes and the mimicking of plant effector molecules by fungal secondary metabolites.
Abstract: Fungi and plants are rich sources of thousands of secondary metabolites. The genetically coded possibilities for secondary metabolite production, the stimuli of the production, and the special phytotoxins basically determine the microscopic fungi-host plant interactions and the pathogenic lifestyle of fungi. The review introduces plant secondary metabolites usually with antifungal effect as well as the importance of signaling molecules in induced systemic resistance and systemic acquired resistance processes. The review also concerns the mimicking of plant effector molecules like auxins, gibberellins and abscisic acid by fungal secondary metabolites that modulate plant growth or even can subvert the plant defense responses such as programmed cell death to gain nutrients for fungal growth and colonization. It also looks through the special secondary metabolite production and host selective toxins of some significant fungal pathogens and the plant response in form of phytoalexin production. New results coming from genome and transcriptional analyses in context of selected fungal pathogens and their hosts are also discussed.
383 citations
Cites background from "Isolation and characterization of t..."
...The first identified rice phytoalexins (reviewed by Peters, 2006) were the momilactones A and B (Figure 8) (Cartwright et al., 1981)....
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TL;DR: The bioactivity of several phytoalexins and phy toanticipins defending plants against fungal and bacterial aggressors and those with antibacterial activities against pathogens affecting humans such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus involved in respiratory infections of cystic fibrosis patients are discussed.
Abstract: To protect themselves, plants accumulate an armoury of antimicrobial secondary metabolites. Some metabolites represent constitutive chemical barriers to microbial attack (phytoanticipins) and others inducible antimicrobials (phytoalexins). They are extensively studied as promising plant and human disease-controlling agents. This review discusses the bioactivity of several phytoalexins and phytoanticipins defending plants against fungal and bacterial aggressors and those with antibacterial activities against pathogens affecting humans such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus involved in respiratory infections of cystic fibrosis patients. The utility of plant products as “antibiotic potentiators” and “virulence attenuators” is also described as well as some biotechnological applications in phytoprotection.
348 citations
Cites background from "Isolation and characterization of t..."
...Sakuranetin is a powerful antifungal derived from the flavonoid naringenin [23] while momilactone A is a diterpenoid [24]....
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References
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TL;DR: Chromatography permits not only the detection of fungitoxic substances per se, but also makes the study of the conversion reactions and of decomposition of such compounds possible.
559 citations
TL;DR: It is reported here that 2,2-dichloro-3,3-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid (WL 28325) may exert its systemic fungicidal activity against the rice blast disease in this way.
Abstract: THE possibility that a chemical for plant disease control might function by activating the natural resistance mechanisms of the host has been suggested previously1, but there are few well-documented examples. We report here that 2,2-dichloro-3,3-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid (WL 28325) may exert its systemic fungicidal activity against the rice blast disease (caused by the fungus Piricularia oryzae) in this way.
190 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a search for growth and germination inhibitors in rice husk (Oryza sativa L. cv Koshihikari) revealed four compounds, ineketone, S (+)-dehydrovomifoliol, momilactone-C and p -coumaric acid, in addition to the previously known motherilactones-A and -B.
133 citations