Journal ArticleDOI
Isolation of feeding deterrents against argentine stem weevil from ryegrass infected with the endophyte Acremonium loliae.
Daryl D. Rowan,D L Gaynor +1 more
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It is suggested that ryegrass staggers and stem weevil feeding deterrency may arise by different biochemical mechanisms.Abstract:
Infection of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) by an endophytic fungus (Acremonium loliae) confers resistance against the Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis). Extracts from ryegrass clones, infected and uninfected with A. loliae, were compared in a feeding choice bioassay, and several fractions were identified which affected stem weevil feeding behavior. One stem weevil feeding deterrent, peramine C12H17N5O, has been isolated from infected ryegrass and partially characterized as a basic indole derivative. Extracts from culturedA. loliae had no effect on stem weevil feeding behavior nor was peramine detected in the fungal cultures examined. Peramine and the other active substances are hydrophilic in contrast to the lipophilic properties reported for the neurotoxic lolitrems also isolated from ryegrass infected with A. loliae and associated with causing ryegrass staggers disorder in livestock. It is suggested that ryegrass staggers and stem weevil feeding deterrency may arise by different biochemical mechanisms.read more
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Fungal endophytes: diversity and functional roles.
TL;DR: It is shown that NC-endophytes represent three distinct functional groups based on host colonization and transmission, in planta biodiversity and fitness benefits conferred to hosts, and key questions for future work in endophyte biology are highlighted.
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Fungal endophytes of grasses.
TL;DR: This research has shown clearly that plants benefit from a widespread mutualistic association between grasses, the authors' most familiar and important plant family, and endophytic fungi.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fungal endophyte-infected grasses: Alkaloid accumulation and aphid response.
Malcolm R. Siegel,G. C. M. Latch,Lowell P. Bush,F.F. Fannin,Daryl D. Rowan,B. A. Tapper,Charles W. Bacon,M. C. Johnson +7 more
TL;DR: The occurrence of the alkaloidsN-formyl andN-acetyl loline, peramine, lolitrem B, and ergovaline and the response of aphids to plants containing these compounds were determined in species and cultivars ofFestuca,Lolium, and other grass genera infected with fungal endophytes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Model systems in ecology: dissecting the endophyte–grass literature
TL;DR: The question is posed: how can the literature provide appropriate general conclusions if the model systems upon which the literature is based are unrepresentative of the relevant biological diversity?
Journal ArticleDOI
Synthesis of natural products containing the pyrrolic ring.
TL;DR: This review provides an overview of the synthetic chemistry that has been utilised to prepare natural products containing a pyrrolic ring.
References
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Book
Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences
TL;DR: This is the revision of the classic text in the field, adding two new chapters and thoroughly updating all others as discussed by the authors, and the original structure is retained, and the book continues to serve as a combined text/reference.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Association of a Lolium Endophyte with Ryegrass Staggers
L. R. Fletcher,I. C. Harvey +1 more
TL;DR: Several groups of fungi produce tremorgens which, when injected into sheep, produce symptoms similar to those in field outbreaks of RGS, but under field conditions, populations of these fungi have not been shown to differ significantly between toxic and non-toxic pasture.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ryegrass Staggers: Isolation of Potent Neurotoxins Lolitrem a and Lolitrem B From Staggers-Producing Pastures
TL;DR: Two potent neurotoxins are isolated from herbage collected from pastures on which the disease of livestock known as ldryegrass staggers rd(8)(11) occurred and appear to be new compounds not previously reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tremorgenic neurotoxins from perennial ryegrass causing ryegrass staggers disorder of livestock: structure elucidation of lolitrem B
TL;DR: The assignment of structure (1) to the major neurotoxin, lolitrem B, is based on its spectroscopic properties, particularly a detailed structure of its high-field 1H and 13C n.m.r. spectra, as well as chemical evidence.