Isolation of tocopherol and sterol concentrate from sunflower oil deodorizer distillate
01 Oct 1996-Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society (Springer-Verlag)-Vol. 73, Iss: 10, pp 1271-1274
TL;DR: In this paper, the isolation of tocopherols and sterols together as a concentrate from sunflower oil deodorizer distillate was investigated, which included process steps such as biohydrolysis, bioesterification and fractional distillation.
Abstract: The isolation of tocopherols and sterols together as a concentrate from sunflower oil deodorizer distillate was investigated. The sunflower oil deodorizer distillate was composed of 24.9% unsaponifiable matter with 4.8% tocopherols and 9.7% sterols, 28.8% free fatty acid (FFA) and 46.3% neutral glycerides. The isolation technology included process steps such as biohydrolysis, bioesterification and fractional distillation. The neutral glycerides of the deodorizer distillates were hydrolyzed byCandida cylindracea lipase. The total fatty acids (initial FFA plus FFA from neutral glycerides) were converted into butyl esters withMucor miehei lipase. The esterified product was then fractionally distilled in a Claisen-vigreux flask. The first fraction, which was collected at 180–230°C at 1.00 mm of Hg for 45 min, contained mainly butyl esters, hydrocarbons, oxidized products and some amount of free fatty acids. The fraction collected at 230–260°C at 1.00 mm Hg for 15 min was rich in tocopherols (about 30%) and sterols (about 36%). The overall recovery of tocopherols and sterols after hydrolysis, esterification and distillation were around 70% and 42%, respectively, of the original content in sunflower oil deodorizer distillate.
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01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this article, the deodorizer distillates of cottonseed oil and palm oil (DODC) contained moisture 0.54, 0.46 unsaponifiable matter% 9.0, 14.9 tocopheralo % 0.14, 2.15 oxidized fatty acid %0.51,0.84, acid value 10.35, 145.4, 176.0 and peroxide value 3.74, 5.91 respectively.
Abstract: Deodorizer distillates of cottonseed oil (DODC) and palm oil (DODP) contained moisture 0.54, 0.46 unsaponifiable matter% 9.0, 14.9 tocopheralo %0.14, 2.15 oxidized fatty acid %0.51, 0.84, acid value 10.35, 145.65, saponification value 182.4, 176.0 and peroxide value 3.74, 5.91 respectively. Using different concentrations (0.05, 0.1 and 0.3%) of unsaponifiable matter (USM) for each DOD increased the stability of sunflower seed oil. The results indicated that USM of DODP was more effective as natural antioxidant than that of DODC.
2 citations
Cites background from "Isolation of tocopherol and sterol ..."
...Ghosh & Bhattacharyya (1996) confirmed that the total tocopherol in sunflower oil deodorizer distillate was 4.8%....
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...On the other hand, Ghosh & Bhattacharyya (1996) reported that the unsaponifiable matter of sunflower oil deodorizer distillate was 24.9%....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors characterized physical and chemically the deodorized distilled distillate from soybean oil and verified if the decodorizer was suitable for vitamin recovery, using gas chromatography.
Abstract: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar fisica e quimicamente o destilado desodorizado de oleo de soja e verificar se esse subproduto e indicado para a recuperacao de vitamina E. O desodorizado foi analisado de acordo com as normas analiticas do Instituto Adolfo Lutz e metodos da Association of Official Analytical Chemists, sendo os tocoferois determinados por cromatografia a gas. Foram encontradas 28,05% de materia insaponificavel, 73,65% de acidos graxos, 7,41% de tocoferois totais e 2,63% de a-tocoferol. O destilado de oleo de soja mostrou-se adequado para a recuperacao da vitamina E. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE BY-PRODUCT OBTAINED DURING THE DEODORIZATION OF SOYBEAN OIL Abstract The aim of the present work was to characterize physical and chemically the deodorized distillate from soybean oil and verify if the deodorizer is suitable for vitamin E recovery. The deodorizer was analyzed in agreement with the Analytic Norms of the Instituto Adolfo Lutz and AOAC methods being the tocopherols determined by gas chromatography. It was found (w/w): unsaponifiable matter - 28,05%, fatty - 73,65%, total tocopherols - 7,41% and a-tocopherol 2,63%. The distillate from soybean oil is suitable for vitamin E recovery.
2 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived balanced equations of a binary mixture for molecular distillation (MD) on the basis of relation of heat and mass transfer in liquid films on both the evaporating and condensing surface.
Abstract: Balanced equations of a binary mixture for molecular distillation (MD) were derived on the basis of relation of heat and mass transfer in liquid films on both the evaporating and condensing surface. Effects of feed temperature and condenser temperature on film thickness, film surface temperature and concentration, degree of evaporation and concentration of distillate were analyzed for MD. The length of evaporating cylinder along with surface temperature of evaporating film reached steady state decreasing with increasing of feed temperature. Evaporation rate decreased with increasing of condenser temperature because of re-evaporation. Influences of splashing on distillate and re-evaporation were minimized and gradient concentration of distillate and increased degree of evaporation were obtained by the divided evaporator and condenser. Evaporating film temperature was increased with the gradient increase of divided evaporator temperature. Mode of divided molecular still could be used for the separation of mixtures with largely different saturated pressure at one stage operation. Model values agreed well with the experimental values of Cvengros. Maximum relative differences did not exceed 5.1%.
2 citations
05 Mar 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the composition of the sunflower oil deodorization distillate has been investigated and 30 bioactive components of neutral nature have been found that are of interest as bioactive compounds, including phytosterols, triterpene alcohols, and tocopherols.
Abstract: The composition of the sunflower oil deodorization distillate has been investigated. 18 acidic components have been identified, more than 40% of the composition of the studied sample falls on linoleic acid with F-vitamin activity. More than 30 components of neutral nature have been found that are of interest as bioactive compounds. Of these, 10 are phytosterols, 14 are triterpene alcohols, 5 are tocopherols. The diterpene hydrocarbons, alcohols and acids of the kauran structure found in the composition of deodorization distillate indicate that the original sunflower oil was native, since it is known that kauran derivatives are a chemotaxonomic marker of many plants of the compositae family, including sunflower. In addition to the above compounds, hydrocarbons (more than a quarter of the unsaponifiable matter), both aliphatic and diterpenic, in the studied sample, was found. Aliphatic components are predominantly unsaturated, which may indicate their artifact origin, i.e. they are the products of the dehydration of aliphatic alcohols. Phytadiene isomers, products of phytol dehydration and isomerization, have been found. The data obtained indicate the prospects for the use of oil deodorization distillate as a source of bioactive substances, cosmetic ingredients and pharmaceutical components.
1 citations
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors concentrated vitamin E by removing extraneous matters, especially free fatty acids (FFA) and acylglycerols, in palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD).
Abstract: Vitamin E porn palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) was concentrated in this study by removing the extraneous matters, especiallyfree fatty acids (FFA) and acylglycerols. Original PFAD used in this study contained 85 and 13.7% of FFA and acylglycerols, respectively. Acylglycerols in PFAD werefirst hydrolyzed using commercially available immobilized Candida antarctica lipase at 60C for 6 h. The fatty acids liberated, together with the existing FFA were then removed by neutralization. Hydrolysis followed by neutralization step concentrated vitamin E from an initial amount of 0.37 to 4.32%. Hydrolysis was an important step as without hydrolysis, neutralization could only concentrate vitamin E to 1.80%. Oil extractedpom hydrolyzed and neutralized PFAD was then subjected to a normalphase silica adsorption chromatography. The column was first eluted with hexane followed by isopropanol. A large amount of acylglycerols was removed during the first elution, while vitamin E was desorbed by isopropanol, with a recovery of >90%. Vitamin E concentration afer hydrolysis, neutralization and adsorption chromatography was 15.2%. The method described in this study offers an alternative for the existing separation methods. It could be applied as one of a series of steps in producing high-purity vitamin E concentrates.
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1990
5,013 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model mixture of pure oleic acid and dl-α-tocopherol was used to study any potential side reactions that may lower the tocopherol content during the esterification reaction.
Abstract: Separation of sterols and tocopherols from fatty acids in deodorizer distillate was facilitated through lipase-catalyzed modification of fatty acids in canola, mixed and soya deodorizer distillates. The fatty acid esterification with methanol catalyzed by SP-382 (an immobilized nonspecific lipase) proceeded rapidly, with conversion of fatty acid to methyl ester in 5 h being 96.5, 83.5 and 89.4%, respectively. A model mixture of pure oleic acid and dl-α-tocopherol was used to study any potential side reactions that may lower the tocopherol content during the esterification reaction. Under the conditions employed, the loss of tocopherol was less than 5%. Simple vacuum distillation (1–2 mm Hg) was employed to remove the volatile fraction (methyl esters of fatty acids, some fatty acids and other volatiles) of the esterified deodorizer distillate, leaving behind sterols, sterol esters and tocopherols. Sterols and tocopherols were almost completely retained in the residue fraction with recoveries in the range of 95%. Overall recoveries of sterols and tocopherols after esterification and distillation were over 90% for all the deodorizer distillate samples.
81 citations
"Isolation of tocopherol and sterol ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...This type of oxidation loss during esterification and distillation was reported by Ramamurthi and McCurdy ( 5 )....
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...Ramamurthi and McCurdy ( 5 ) esterifled the deodorizer distillate with methanol with a nonspecific SP 382 lipase, and about 4-10% fatty acids were retained in the reaction mixture....
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...Recently, Ramamurthi and Mc-Curdy ( 5 ) have tried to concentrate sterols and tocopherols from canola deodorizer distillate (which contained initially 1.00% w/w tocopherols and 1.58% w/w sterols) and soybean deodorizer distillate (initially containing tocopherols at 12.74% w/w and sterols at 11.39% w/w) by an enzymatic process....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility and technical merits of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) as a potential alternative to molecular distillation for enriching tocopherols effectively from soybean sludge were examined.
Abstract: Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has been widely applied as a promising alternative to current extraction processes used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. SFE has some advantages over conventional separation processes such as liquid-liquid extraction, distillation, and adsorption. The most important advantage of utilizing SFE is the easy separation of the solvent from the extracted material without solvent residue. Further, supercritical fluids provide lower mass transfer resistance than those in conventional separation processes. A number of references dealing with the basic principles and applications of SFE are now available [1-3]. The objective of this study is therefore to examine the feasibility and technical merits of SFE as a potential alternative to molecular distillation for enriching tocopherols effectively from soybean sludge. In this regard, the solubilities of both sterol-removed soybean sludge and esterified soybean sludge in SC-CO2 were determined by a flow-through SFE system at temperature and pressure ranges f 35–70∘C and 200–400 bar, respectively. The tocopherol content in the extracts collected continously at equilibrium conditions up to the approximate 70 wt% extraction rate of the feed was checked by HPLC at each interval. The results of these initial feasibility experiments could provide fundamental information for the suitable application of a continous-type SFE for concentrating tocopherols.
70 citations
TL;DR: In this article, polyphenols were extracted from the rape of Israeli olive oil using hexane, acetone and ethanol in a simple sequential procedure yielding three fractions (A,B,C).
Abstract: Polyphenols were extracted from the rape of Israeli olive oil using hexane, acetone and ethanol in a simple sequential procedure yielding three fractions (A,B,C). Fraction A (extracted with hexane) contained few polyphenols (0.05%), while Fraction B (extracted with acetone) and Fraction C (extracted with ethanol) contained about 5% polyphenols each. Fractions B and C were also found to contain the highest ortho-di-phenol concentration (about 3%). The addition of purified Fraction B at a level of 100 ppm to refined olive or soybean oils partially inhibited the oxidative deterioration when the oils were stored in the dark at 100 C.
58 citations
"Isolation of tocopherol and sterol ..." refers methods in this paper
...Separation of sterols and tocopherols has also been tried by Sheabar and Neeman ( 3 ) with a combination of solvent extraction and chemical treatment....
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01 Apr 1992
55 citations
"Isolation of tocopherol and sterol ..." refers background in this paper
...Supercritical fluid extraction technology is promising, and attempts have been made to isolate tocopherols from soya sludge ( 4 ) by this process....
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