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Proceedings ArticleDOI

K factor-based MPPT Technique for Reducing Steady-State Power Oscillations

TL;DR: In this paper, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method for a solar photovoltaic system utilizing the k factor approach and performance parameters is presented, which is created by calculating the slope (dI/dD) and comparing it with the power change.
Abstract: This paper presents a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method for a solar photovoltaic system utilizing the k factor approach and performance parameters. This method for MPPT execution is created by calculating the slope (dI/dD) and comparing it with the power change($\Delta$P). The duty cycle($\Delta$D) is calculated by analyzing the power change. And this power change makes the MPPT method to reach the maximum power point faster with less fluctuations using the constant k with value 0.8. In MATLAB/Simulink, the proposed technique is implemented and compared with the Perturb Observe and Incremental conductance technique, the findings indicate a decrease in monitoring time and steady-state power oscillations.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evaluations among the most usual maximum power point tracking techniques, doing meaningful comparisons with respect to the amount of energy extracted from the photovoltaic (PV) panel [tracking factor) in relation to the available power, PV voltage ripple, dynamic response, and use of sensors.
Abstract: This paper presents evaluations among the most usual maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques, doing meaningful comparisons with respect to the amount of energy extracted from the photovoltaic (PV) panel [tracking factor (TF)] in relation to the available power, PV voltage ripple, dynamic response, and use of sensors. Using MatLab/Simulink and dSPACE platforms, a digitally controlled boost dc-dc converter was implemented and connected to an Agilent Solar Array E4350B simulator in order to verify the analytical procedures. The main experimental results are presented for conventional MPPT algorithms and improved MPPT algorithms named IC based on proportional-integral (PI) and perturb and observe based on PI. Moreover, the dynamic response and the TF are also evaluated using a user-friendly interface, which is capable of online program power profiles and computes the TF. Finally, a typical daily insulation is used in order to verify the experimental results for the main PV MPPT methods.

1,205 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study gives an extensive review of 23 MPPT techniques present in literature along with recent publications on various hardware design methodologies to address the advancement in this area for further research.
Abstract: Maximum power extraction from the photovoltaic (PV) system plays a critical role in increasing efficiency during partial shading conditions (PSC's). The higher cost and low conversion efficiency of the PV panel necessitate the extraction of the maximum power point (MPP). So, a suitable maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to track the MPP is of high need, even under PSC's. This study gives an extensive review of 23 MPPT techniques present in literature along with recent publications on various hardware design methodologies. MPPT classification is done into three categories, i.e. Classical, Intelligent and Optimisation depending on the tracking algorithm utilised. During uniform insolation, classical methods are highly preferred as there is only one peak in the P–V curve. However, under PSC's, the P–V curve exhibits multiple peaks, one global MPP (GMPP) and the remaining are local MPPs. Hence, Intelligent and Optimisation techniques came into limelight to differentiate the GMPP out of all LMPPs. Every MPPT technique has its advantages and limits, but a streamlined MPPT is drafted in numerous parameters like sensors required, hardware implementation, tracking in PSC's, cost, tracking speed and tracking efficiency. This present study aimed to address the advancement in this area for further research.

153 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A SOFT-MPPT algorithm is proposed which aims to improve both the steady state as well as the tracking performance of both P&O and InC algorithms, and is able to detect any change in operating conditions while operating in the steadystate, and that too without using any additional sensors.
Abstract: Among the various MPPT algorithms developed until date, Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental conductance (InC) algorithms are most widely used, mainly due to their simplicity and ease of implementation. However, both algorithms suffer from the drawbacks of continuous steady state oscillations, and inefficient tracking in case of rapid changes in irradiation. In this article, a SOFT-MPPT algorithm has been proposed which, in a simple way, aims to improve both the steady state as well as the tracking performance of both P&O and InC algorithms. An adaptive step size is used to track the MPP, which provides a faster tracking performance. The proposed algorithm identifies the attainment of the steady state and then stops the artificial perturbations. This stops the oscillations around the MPP and provides a steady power output from the PV panel at the MPP value. The SOFT-MPPT algorithm is also able to detect any change in operating conditions while operating in the steady state, and that too without using any additional sensors. Accordingly, it restarts the tracking process in order to track the new MPP. The detailed theoretical discussions of the SOFT-MPPT algorithm, is followed by the simulation and experimental results to validate the proposed performance improvements.

125 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The FZPO technique requires a PV panel’s information only at the initial design stage but not during real-time tracking, making the implementation possible using only low-cost processors, and the implementation and design of the proposed controller are presented.
Abstract: This paper proposes a fixed zone perturb & observe (FZPO) technique to achieve an improved steady-state efficiency as well as a fast and drift-free maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for photovoltaic (PV) systems without any additional sensors. In this technique, the PV array’s power-voltage curves are divided into multiple zones with unique zone boundary voltages for different irradiance conditions. This technique employs a combination of adaptive and fixed step-sizes to improve the performance, where the adaptive step-size is calculated from simple mathematical equations, resulting in a reduced computational burden. Besides, natural drift-free tracking is achieved without any additional sampling or computation, overcoming existing techniques’ limitations. The FZPO technique requires a PV panel’s information only at the initial design stage but not during real-time tracking, making the implementation possible using only low-cost processors. This paper presents the implementation and design of the proposed controller. The FZPO technique’s performance is validated through a comprehensive set of hardware experiments on a buck-boost full-bridge converter under various irradiance conditions per the EN50530 standard. For a step-change in irradiance, the FZPO technique is experimentally verified to be 42% and 20% more efficient than the conventional and VSS techniques, respectively. During the irradiance varying conditions using the FZPO technique, the peak power loss is one-sixth compared to the conventional and VSS techniques. Practical field-related considerations such as PV panel temperature effects are further investigated through experiments.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the degradation of nanowire (NW) solar cells under high energy particles was analyzed and design guidelines to optimize the specific power of NW solar cells for space applications by jointly increasing their efficiency and radiation hardness were presented.
Abstract: Radiation hard thin-film solar cell technologies are necessary in order to achieve a step forward in the specific power of solar arrays for space applications. In this article, we analyze the degradation of nanowire (NW) solar cells under high energy particles. GaAs NW solar cells have been irradiated with protons of 100 and 350 keV at different fluences. The radiation hardness of the NW solar cells in all the cases is remarkable in comparison with GaAs planar solar cells and prior literature. Design guidelines to optimize the specific power of NW solar cells for space applications by jointly increasing their efficiency and radiation hardness are presented.

14 citations