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Journal ArticleDOI

Kampanie społeczne w dobie pandemii COVID-19 jako uniwersalne komunikaty perswazyjne w globalnym świecie

21 Mar 2021-Vol. 22, Iss: 1, pp 852-870
TL;DR: In this article, a case study of a campaign conducted in New Zealand, comparing its messages with the WHO advertising material, the authors presented one case study and concluded that the pandemic showed that in the face of a global threat, all people are inhabitants of One World.
Abstract: The article is an excerpt from a wider research project carried out by the author in October, November, and December 2020, on advertising materials used by the WHO and selected countries (Poland, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa) in social campaigns related to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This paper presents one case study––a campaign conducted in New Zealand, comparing its messages with the WHO advertising material. The main thesis is that the pandemic showed that in the face of a global threat, all people are inhabitants of One World. Research methods: triangulation such as case study and compositional interpretation by Gillian Rose. In order to examine the verbal layer of the messages, Roman Jakobson’s communication model was used. When analyzing the linguistic layer of the messages, their considerable persuasiveness was assumed. Whereas in examining the visual layer of the messages, due to the simplicity of their form, the compositional modality was limited, with particular emphasis on colors and iconic signs. The results and conclusions confirm the main thesis adopted in the study. The pandemic material developed by the WHO and the governments selected to study the countries at different latitudes are very similar. National materials are sometimes even a carbon copy of WHO advertising campaigns. Both the WHO and the national materials are dominated by the informative and impressionistic functions of the language of communication. In the verbal layer, senders focus on communicating the necessary information about the pandemic; their messages, concerning both prevention and combating the pandemic, are at the same time highly persuasive. In the visual layer, however, there are differences in colors and iconic signs, which was demonstrated in particular by the comparison of campaigns conducted by the WHO and the New Zealand government. Cognitive value: The text shows the importance of social advertising campaigns in communication, especially in times of a pandemic. Paradoxically, the pandemic, which poses a threat to humanity, may contribute to the development of comparative research on the effectiveness of mass communication means that have been used in some countries and that can be successfully used in others.

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an experiment conducted while the author was at Johns Hopkins University as a Public Health Service Research Fellow of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH).
Abstract: 1 An earlier draft of this paper was written while the author was with the Laboratory of Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health, and was read at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association in Chicago on August 30, 1956. The experiment reported here was conducted while the author was at Johns Hopkins University as a Public Health Service Research Fellow of the National Institute of Mental Health. Additional financial support was received from the Yale Communication Research Program, which is under the direction of Carl I. Hovland and which is operating under a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation. The author is particularly grateful to James Owings for his help in running the experiment; to Ramon J. Rhine and Janet Baldwin Barclay for their help in analysis of the data; and to Roger K. Williams, Chairman of the Psychology Department at Morgan State College, for the many ways in which he facilitated collection of the data. nication produce public conformity without private acceptance, or did it produce public conformity coupled with private acceptance? (Cf. 1, 4.) Only if we know something about the nature and depth of changes can we make meaningful predictions about the way in which attitude changes will be reflected in subsequent actions and reactions to events.

3,118 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a persistent concern in the analysis of public opinion data is the "meaning" that one can ascribe to the observed distributions and trends and to the positions taken by particular individuals and segments of the population.
Abstract: A persistent concern in the analysis of public opinion data is the "meaning" that one can ascribe to the observed distributions and trends—and to the positions taken by particular individuals and segments of the population In a certain sense, the need for more detailed information about opinions be met by improvements and refinements in the methodology of opinion assessment But, no matter how refined the techniques, they do not provide direct information about the meaning of the opinions and do not permit automatic predictions to subsequent behavior: the investigator still has to make inferences from the data Social influence has been a central area of concern for experimental social psychology almost since its beginnings It can also be observed, for example, in the context of socialization of children, where the taking over of parental attitudes and actions is a normal, and probably essential, part of personality development

2,052 citations

01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors tried to answer when to write a single case study and when to writing a multiple case study, and further answer the benefits and disadvantages with the different types of case studies.
Abstract: There are several different definitions and kinds of case studies. Because of different reasons the case studies can be either single or multiple. This study attempts to answer when to write a single case study and when to write a multiple case study. It will further answer the benefits and disadvantages with the different types. The literature review, which is based on secondary sources, is about case studies. Then the literature review is discussed and analysed to reach a conclusion. The conclusion is that there are several different opinions if a single case study or a multiple case study is the best choice. Different causes to consider in the choice to make a single case study or a multiple case study are presented. Some causes are that the amount depends on the context, upon how much is known and how much new information the cases bring. Another conclusion from the case studies I looked among is that it is generally more number of pages in the multiple case studies than in the single case studies.

251 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This dissertation aims to provide a history of web exceptionalism from 1989 to 2002, a period chosen in order to explore its roots as well as specific cases up to and including the year in which descriptions of “Web 2.0” began to circulate.

225 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced unique challenges for public health practitioners and health communicators that warrant an expansion of existing health communication principles to take into consideration: the new infodemic (or mis/disinfodemic) challenge - particularly as treatments and vaccines are being developed; communication of risk and uncertainty; health-information behaviours and the instantaneous nature of social media, and the relationship between media literacy and health literacy; the effects of the pandemic on other health issues; and the need for a flexible communication strategy that adapts to the different stages of the crisis
Abstract: Background/objective The understanding and practice of public health crisis communication are improved through the study of responses to past crises, but require retooling for present challenges The 'Addressing Ebola and other outbreaks' checklist contains guiding principles built upon maxims developed from a World Health Organization consultation in response to the mad cow (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) crisis that were later adopted for Ebola The purpose of this article is to adapt the checklist for the health communication challenges and public health practices that have emerged during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic The communication challenges of promoting vaccine acceptance are used to illustrate a key area that requires strengthened communication Type of program or service: Effective communication principles for application during the COVID-19 pandemic Results The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced unique challenges for public health practitioners and health communicators that warrant an expansion of existing health communication principles to take into consideration: the new infodemic (or mis/disinfodemic) challenge - particularly as treatments and vaccines are being developed; communication of risk and uncertainty; health-information behaviours and the instantaneous nature of social media, and the relationship between media literacy and health literacy; the effects of the pandemic on other health issues; and the need for a flexible communication strategy that adapts to the different stages of the pandemic Lessons learnt Principles discussed in this article will help build preparedness capacity and offer communication strategies for moving from the acute phase to the 'next normal' with likely prevention (eg herd immunity achieved through vaccination) and societal COVID-19 resilience

90 citations