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Journal ArticleDOI

Karyotype Analysis of Seven Varieties of Taro Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott. from Bangladesh

16 Nov 2009-Journal of Bio-science-Vol. 16, pp 15-18
TL;DR: Nuclear and chromosome characteristics of seven varieties of Colocasia esculenta were studied and revealed that somatic chromosome number was 28 in cytotype-1, 2, 5, 6 and 7; 42 in cytotyp-3 and 21 in cytotypes-4.
Abstract: Nuclear and chromosome characteristics of seven varieties of Colocasia esculenta were studied. Interphase chromosome value was found to range from 2119.85 (cytotype-3) to 5346.12 (cytotype-7). Heterochromatin values varied from 23.17 (cytotype-2) to 44.52% (cytotypt-6) in meristematic cells. Karyotype studies revealed that somatic chromosome number was 28 in cytotype-1, 2, 5, 6 and 7; 42 in cytotype-3 and 21 in cytotype-4. The longest chromosome (5.54 μm) was observed in cytotyopt-2 and shortest (1.3 μm) in cytotype-3 and 6. Key words: Karyotype, Nuclear phenotype, Colocasia esculenta. DOI:10.3329/jbs.v16i0.3735 J. bio-sci. 16: 15-18, 2008

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Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: Taro is a neglected crop in terms of recent advances in molecular biology, with only a limited number of studies utilizing next-generation transcriptome and genome sequencing; however, recent genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approaches promise to improve the understanding of taro genetics.
Abstract: Taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] is an ancient, tropical root crop that is morphologically diverse with over 10,000 landraces. It is the fifth most produced root crop in the world and is mainly grown in tropical Africa, China, New Guinea, and many Pacific islands. Taro typically is grown for its starchy corm (i.e., underground stem), although leaves and flowers also are eaten as vegetables. There is controversy over its geographic center of origin, but this is likely to be in the Indo-Malayan area. Evidence indicates that it was domesticated, possibly independently, across an area that ranges from northeast India to Yunnan province in China to New Guinea. Within Micronesia and Polynesia, where taro is a staple crop, the genetic base is very narrow. Genetic diversity within the taro germplasm is significantly greater in Asia and New Guinea. The exploitation of this diversity could lead to the development of cultivars with greater disease resistance, and improved yields and corm quality. Taro is a neglected crop in terms of recent advances in molecular biology, with only a limited number of studies utilizing next-generation transcriptome and genome sequencing. At present, a high-quality reference genome is lacking; however, recent genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approaches promise to improve our understanding of taro genetics.

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is the first report of karyotype variation among strains of C. esculenta, and all of the five strains had a symmetrical karyotypes that consisted of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes.
Abstract: Cytogenetical studies were carried out on Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott and five different karyotypes were observed, karyotype formula of each karyotype were 2n=28=L24 m +M4, 2n=28=L14 +L2+M6+M6, 2n=28=L22 m +L6, 2n=28=L18 m +M4+M2+S2+S2 and 2n=28=L8+L4+M4+M10 +S2. The karyotype of five strains had same chromosome number of 2n=28 and fundamental number (NF)=56. Therefore, all of the five strains had a symmetrical karyotype that consisted of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes. The differences among karyotypes were caused by number of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes. The chromosome number of C. esculenta had been reported, but this is the first report of karyotype variation among strains.

12 citations


Cites background or result from "Karyotype Analysis of Seven Varieti..."

  • ...Sreekumari, M. T. and Mathew, P. M. 1989....

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  • ...…(Cytotype 1) 56 18m+6sm+4a ̶ Bangladesh Parvin et al. (2008) 28 (Cytotype 2) 56 20m+4sm+4a ̶ Bangladesh Parvin et al. (2008) 42 (Cytotype 3) 84 38m+4sm ̶ Bangladesh Parvin et al. (2008) 21 (Cytotype 4) 42 12m+2sm ̶ Bangladesh Parvin et al. (2008) 28 (Cytotype 5) 56 24m+4sm ̶ Bangladesh Parvin et…...

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  • ...2n NF Karyotype formula Satellite Location Reference 28 (7 varieties) ̶ ̶ ̶ Trinidad Simmonds (1954) 28 (10 varieties) ̶ ̶ ̶ America Jones (1957) 22, 26, 38 ̶ ̶ ̶ China Sharma and Sarkar (1963) 28, 42 ̶ ̶ ̶ Australia Yen and Wheeler (1968) 28 ̶ ̶ ̶ Canada Marchant (1971) 28, 42 ̶ ̶ ̶ India Bai et al. (1971) 28, 42 ̶ ̶ ̶ India Kawahara (1978) 28 (7 varieties) ̶ ̶ ̶ India Ramachandran (1978) 42 (10 varieties) ̶ ̶ ̶ India Ramachandran (1978) 28, 42 ̶ ̶ ̶ China Zhang and Yang (1984) 28, 42 ̶ ̶ ̶ Japan Tanimoto and Matsumoto (1986) 28, 42 56, 84 ̶ ̶ Australia Coates et al. (1988) 42 84 ̶ ̶ India Subramanian and Munian (1988) 36 ̶ ̶ ̶ China Huang et al. (1989) 28 ̶ ̶ ̶ India Kuruvilla et al. (1989) 28 ̶ ̶ ̶ China Li (1989) 28 56 ̶ 2(SCR) Indonesia Okada and Hambali (1989) 28, 42 ̶ ̶ ̶ India Sreekumari and Mathew (1989) 28 (I) 56 20m+8sm ̶ India Sreekumari and Mathew (1991a) 28 (II) 56 20m+6sm+2a ̶ India Sreekumari and Mathew (1991a) 28 (III) 56 18m+8sm+2a ̶ India Sreekumari and Mathew (1991a) 28 (IV) 56 22m+2sm+6a ̶ India Sreekumari and Mathew (1991a) 28 (V) 56 6m+12sm+10a ̶ India Sreekumari and Mathew (1991a) 28 ̶ ̶ ̶ India Sreekumari and Mathew (1991b, c) 42 ̶ ̶ ̶ China Zhang (1998) 28 ̶ ̶ ̶ New Caledonia Ivancic and Lebot (1999) 28 (Cytotype 1) 56 18m+6sm+4a ̶ Bangladesh Parvin et al. (2008) 28 (Cytotype 2) 56 20m+4sm+4a ̶ Bangladesh Parvin et al. (2008) 42 (Cytotype 3) 84 38m+4sm ̶ Bangladesh Parvin et al. (2008) 21 (Cytotype 4) 42 12m+2sm ̶ Bangladesh Parvin et al. (2008) 28 (Cytotype 5) 56 24m+4sm ̶ Bangladesh Parvin et al. (2008) 28 (Cytotype 6) 56 28 m ̶ Bangladesh Parvin et al. (2008) 28 (Cytotype 7) 56 22m+6sm ̶ Bangladesh Parvin et al. (2008) 26, 30, 36, 38, 44, 46, 48, 52, 58, 84, 116 ̶ ̶ ̶ China Li and Boyce (2010) 28, 42 ̶ ̶ ̶ China Huang et al. (2012) 28 (strain 1) 56 24m+4sm ̶ Thailand Present study 28 (strain 2) 56 20m+8sm 8(SCR), 2(STR) Thailand Present study 28 (strain 3) 56 22m+6sm 10(SCR) Thailand Present study 28 (strain 4) 56 24m+4sm ̶ Thailand Present study 28 (strain 5) 56 14m+14sm ̶ Thailand Present study m=Metacentric chromosome, sm=submetacentric chromosome, a=acrocentric chromosome, t= telocentric chromosome, st=subtelocentric chromosome, STR=subtelomeric region, SCR=subcentromeric region, ̶=not determined....

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  • ...…56 22m+2sm+6a ̶ India Sreekumari and Mathew (1991a) 28 (V) 56 6m+12sm+10a ̶ India Sreekumari and Mathew (1991a) 28 ̶ ̶ ̶ India Sreekumari and Mathew (1991b, c) 42 ̶ ̶ ̶ China Zhang (1998) 28 ̶ ̶ ̶ New Caledonia Ivancic and Lebot (1999) 28 (Cytotype 1) 56 18m+6sm+4a ̶ Bangladesh Parvin et al.…...

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  • ...There are two species, C. esculenta and C. gigantea that are traditionally used as medicine and food (Sreekumari and Mathew 1991a, Beevi 2013)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Differences in DNA content among the Colocasia species seem to have occurred by chromosomal gain under similar habitats, and Polyploidization also obviously contributes to 2C value variation.
Abstract: Chromosome number and genome size are important cytological characters that significantly influence various organismal traits. We investigated chromosome number and genome size variation in 73 accessions belonging to four Colocasia species from China. Five different chromosome counts (2n = 26, 28, 38, 42, and 56) were found, the largest one representing a new record in Colocasia. The basic chromosome numbers are x = 13, 14, and 19, corresponding to 2x, 3x, and 4x cytotypes. Yunnan Province, China is considered the center of Colocasia polyploid origin. The 2C values in our accessions ranged from 3.29 pg in C. gigantea to 12.51 pg in C. esculenta. All species exhibit inter- and intraspecific chromosomal variation. Differences in DNA content among the Colocasia species seem to have occurred by chromosomal gain under similar habitats. Polyploidization also obviously contributes to 2C value variation.

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2022-Agronomy
TL;DR: In this article , the authors provide insights into the importance of the taro crop in West Africa, evaluate taro research to date, and suggest how to address research gaps in order to promote taro sustainability in the region.
Abstract: Taro is an ancient nutritional and medicinal crop woven into the fabric of the socio-economic life of those living in the tropics and sub-tropics. However, West Africa (WA), which has been a major producer of the crop for several decades, is experiencing a significant decline in production as a result of taro leaf blight (TLB), a disease caused by Phytophthora colocasiae Raciborski. A lack of research on taro in WA means that available innovative technologies have not been fully utilized to provide solutions to inherent challenges and enhance the status of the crop. Improvement through plant breeding remains the most economically and environmentally sustainable means of increasing the productivity of taro in WA. With this review, we provide insights into the importance of the taro crop in WA, evaluate taro research to date, and suggest how to address research gaps in order to promote taro sustainability in the region.

5 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: A concise but timely effort to explore breeding limitations while highlighting solutions to overcome these challenges and the wider implication of this review is accelerated breeding and crop improvement.
Abstract: Cocoyams (Taro and Tannia) are important food crop in the tropical world. Beyond their food and nutritious values, they have cultural, religious and social meanings which vary within cultures. As with most tropical underutilized crops, cocoyam is affected by biotic and abiotic stresses resulting to low yield. In addition, limited genetic advancement in post-harvest and organoleptic properties is visible. While significant breeding gains have been made in the past, knowledge gaps exist in respect to flowering, genetics, cytogenetics and options for hybridization that could accelerate crop improvement. This review presents a concise but timely effort to explore these breeding limitations while highlighting solutions to overcome these challenges. The wider implication of this review is accelerated breeding and crop improvement.

5 citations


Cites background from "Karyotype Analysis of Seven Varieti..."

  • ...In addition, various cytotypes have been observed within 2n=28 and 42 forms [27,53-55]....

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  • ...Species Technique x 2n References Taro FCM - 28; 42 [43] Taro Mitotic indexing 28 [24,25,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53] Taro Mitotic indexing 12 24; 48 [46] Taro Mitotic indexing 14 28; 42 [46,54] Taro Mitotic indexing 7 24; 28 [55,56] Taro Mitotic indexing 24 [57,58] Taro Mitotic indexing 42 [47,24,59,54,60,25,48,51,52,53] Taro Mitotic indexing 21 [53] Tannia Mitotic indexing 13 26 [61,54,62,55,63, 64] Tannia Mitotic indexing 8 24; 39 [62,55] Tannia Mitotic indexing 42 [57,58] Table 1....

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References
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Book
01 Jan 1950

3,348 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: RIASSUNTOVengono riportati i cartogrammi di ventotto specie, appartenenti a quindici generi di Araceae spontanee e coltivate, la cui propagazione avviene generalmente per via vegetativa e viene tracciata la loro probabile derivazione filogenetica da un numero base x=7.
Abstract: (1955). Cytology of Different Species of Aroids with a View to Trace the Basis of their Evolution. Caryologia: Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 221-291.

52 citations


"Karyotype Analysis of Seven Varieti..." refers background in this paper

  • ...4a. Parvin et al. 18 2n=28 was reported in different forms of C. esculenta generally found in Bangladesh (Jackson et al. 1977) while the forms having 2n=42 are from Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Nepal and India (Mookerjea 1955)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Plantlets obtained from excised shoot tips of Solomon Islands taro cultivars remained free from detectable virus infection as judged from symptomless growth for 15 months and electron-microscopic examination of sap.
Abstract: SummaryExcised shoot tips from apical or axillary buds of Solomon Islands (SI) taro cultivars formed plantlets when cultured in vitro on agar or in liquid. Proliferation of shoots or extensive callus formation did not occur. Similar results were obtained with cultivars from Hawaii. Expiants from a California cultivar on Linsmaier- Skoog (LS) medium supplemented with 15 ppm IAA or 2 ppm 2, 4, 5-T formed callus. When subcultured onto LS containing adenine, N-benzyl-9-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) the callus formed plantlets and undifferentiated tissue. Expiants from SI and Hawaiian cultivars did not form callus. Plantlets obtained from excised shoot tips remained free from detectable virus infection as judged from symptomless growth for 15 months and electron-microscopic examination of sap.

33 citations