Karyotype diversity and interspecific 4C DNA variation inBupleurum
TL;DR: Investigation on karyotype, 4C nuclear DNA amount and interphase nuclear volume (INV) of different HimalayanBupleurum species belonging to Umbelliferae revealed genetic differentiation.
Abstract: Investigation on karyotype, 4C nuclear DNA amount and interphase nuclear volume (INV) of different HimalayanBupleurum species belonging toUmbelliferae revealed genetic differentiation. Numerical and structural alternation of chromosomes in interspecific level were manifested in their statistically significant altered species specific 4C nuclear DNA content. Somatic chromosome number ranged between 2n = 14 and 2n = 16.B. himalayense was reported for the first time having 2n = 16 chromosomes. Correlation coefficient among the various chromosomal and nuclear parameters showed no significant progressive or regressive interdependence except in between INV and nuclear DNA amount. Critical differences between 4C DNA content showed interspecific variation.
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TL;DR: The results demonstrate that molecular markers together with cytological evidence provide an effective tool to access the existing interspecific genetic polymorphism in mangrove species, to solve the taxonomic problems and to design their conservation strategy.
Abstract: Analysis of karyotype, nuclear DNA content and RAPD markers were performed in four species of Bruguiera (Rhizophoraceae) of Bhitarkanika mangrove forests, Orissa, India. Detailed karyotype analysis revealing 2n=34 in B. cylindrica and 2n=36 in B. gymnorrhiza was reported for the first time and 2n=34 in B. parviflora and B. sexangula was confirmed. On the basis of the common types of chromosomes present among Bruguiera, two distinct groups were found; one consists of B. cylindrica and B. parviflora and the other of B. gymnorrhiza and B. sexangula. The symmetrical karyotype with same chromosome types grouped B. cylindrica and B. parviflora together and presence of Type E chromosomes placed B. gymnorrhiza and B. sexangula in a separate group, suggesting their closer affinity in their respective group. Analysis of chromosome length, vol- ume, INV and 4C DNA content confirmed this division. Nuclear DNA content was two-fold higher (~17.0 pg) in the second group than in the first (~8.0 pg). The amplification products generated through RAPD revealed 1-9 amplicons with size variations from 600 bp to 2 500 bp with 49.31% genetic similarity between B. gymnorrhiza and B. sexangula and 47.10% in between B. cylindrica and B. parviflora. The high copy number marker band (~ 1 100 bp) yielded in OPN-15 primer in B. parviflora the characteristic DNA marker, which was cloned and used as probes for assessment of genetic diversity, and demonstrated its close genetic affinity to B. cylindrica. B. gymnorrhiza and B. sexangula also produced similar marker bands of ~600 bp and ~2 200 bp in the same primer. All of the cytological, 4C DNA content and RAPD data confirmed the existence of two taxonomically distinct groups of Bruguiera: one consisting of B. cylindrica and B. parviflora and the other of B. gymnorrhiza and B. sexangula as placed earlier (1862) in the tribe Rhizophoreae by Bentham and Hooker, on the basis of the flowering habits of Bruguiera. Genetically, the B. sexangula and B. gymnorrhiza group was found to be very closely, rather than distantly, related to B. parviflora and B. cylindrica. Our results demonstrate that molecular markers together with cytological evidence provide an effective tool to access the existing interspecific genetic polymorphism in mangrove species, to solve the taxonomic problems and to design their conservation strategy. Rev. Biol. Trop. 55 (2): 437-448. Epub 2007 June, 29.
10 citations
TL;DR: Karyotype analysis revealed numerical and structural alterations of somatic chromosomes in different species and ANOVA analysis confirmed the variation in nuclear DNA content in the interspecific as well as intergeneric level.
Abstract: Detailed karyotype analysis and cytophotometric estimation of 4C DNA amount as well as inter-phase nuclear volume (INV) were carried out in eight mangrove associates found in Bhitarkanika mangrove forest of coastal Orissa, India. Somatic chromosome number of Sarcolobus carinatus (2n=22), Lumnitzera racemosa (2n=24), Tylophora tenuis (2n=24), Sphaeranthus indicus (2n=30), Cerbera manghas (2n=40), Sesuvium portulacastrum (2n=48), Syzygium cumini (2n=66), and Hibiscus tiliaceous (2n=86) were recorded for the first time. Karyotype analysis revealed numerical and structural alterations of somatic chromosomes in different species. Significant variations of 4C DNA content was noted among the species ranged from 5.31pg in T. tenuis to 27.83pg in C. manghas. Genome size varied about five fold among the taxon of different familiesfrom 1301 Mbp in T. tenuis to 6818 Mbp in C. manghas. Chromosome length, volume and INV showed significant correlation between them. ANOVA analysis confirmed the variation in nucl...
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TL;DR: Mitotic and meiotic chromosome number, karyotype, chiasma frequency in pollen mother cells, Interphase Nuclear Volume (INV) and nuclear DNA amounts in 12 species of Mammillaria revealed significant interspecific variations.
Abstract: Mitotic and meiotic chromosome number, karyotype, chiasma frequency in pollen mother cells, Interphase Nuclear Volume (INV) and nuclear DNA amounts in 12 species of Mammillaria revealed significant...
9 citations
9 citations
TL;DR: Out of the twelve inter- and intra-chromosomal asymmetry indices studied, intra- chromosome asymmetry index (A1) versus inter-chromOSomal asymmets (A2), Relative variation in the centromeric index (CVCI) versus relative variation in chromosome length (CVCL) and heterogeneity of chromosomelength (AI) versus dispersion index were found most reliable to assess chromosome asymmetry.
Abstract: Ploidy and karyotype asymmetry of four cultivated Musa acuminata var. Luwaobi, var. Masung Tabi, var. Gopi and var. Poitrish Kola (2n = 3x = 33) and three wild seeded M. acuminata var. Ram Kola, Musa balbisiana var. Blung Thali and Musa laterita (2n = 2x = 22) were reported for the first time from North East India. The predominance of median constricted chromosomes was found as compared to sub-median constricted chromosome in all genotypes. The average chromosome length varied from 1.55 μm in var. Luwaobi to 1.92 μm in var. Ram Kola. Symmetric karyotype was recorded in the wild as compared to the cultivated Musa genotypes. Out of the twelve inter- and intra-chromosomal asymmetry indices studied, intra-chromosomal asymmetry index (A1) versus inter-chromosomal asymmetry index (A2), relative variation in the centromeric index (CVCI) versus relative variation in chromosome length (CVCL) and heterogeneity of chromosome length (AI) versus dispersion index were found most reliable to assess chromosome asymmetry. Most symmetric karyotype was found in var. Poitrish Kola of Tripura and most asymmetric karyotype was found in var. Luwaobi of Manipur among cultivated genotypes. Genotype var. Ram Kola showed more karyotype asymmetry among the wild Musa as compared to var. Blung Thali of Tripura and M. laterita of Sikkim. Phylogenetic tree obtained from chromosome characters revealed that var. Ram Kola has ancestral karyotype and was found to be distantly related from the others. Two wild seeded genotypes M. balbisiana var. Blung Thali and M. laterita were found to have close relationship with AB genome suggesting the phylogenetic ancestry with AA or AAA genotypes.
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TL;DR: At the present time, with the immense increase in research activity in mammalian cytology, the terminology of the centromeric position has become burdened by much obscurity and confusion.
Abstract: N the inorphologic identification of chromosomes, the location of the I centromere is the most useful landmark, and one which is characterized by great constancy. It would seem that not much could be added to the definitions by E. B. WILSON (1928) of the locations on the chromosome of the centrornere or, in the terminology of that time, the spindle attachment: “Attachment of the chromosome to the spindle is commonly limited to a small area, and is of two general types, namely: (1) terminnl or telomitic and (2) non-ferminal or atelomitic, being in the former case at one end, and in the latter at some other point or points. Non-terminal attachment may be at the middle point (median) or at an intermediate point (submedian, sub-terminal). All gradations exist between these various cases;” (I.c., p. 130-131). In the acconipanying picture (l.c., Fig. 56, p. 132), here reprinted as Fig. l., the four locations of median, submedian, subterminal and terminal are represented, and, in addition, “lateral”, which corresponds to the modern term “diffuse centromere”. Nevertheless, at the present time, with the immense increase in research activity in mammalian cytology, the terminology of the centromeric position has become burdened by much obscurity and confusion. One cause of confusion is that different authors, and even the same author on different occasions, have used the terms median, submedian etc. with great amplitude, and it is often difficult to know in a specific case what each term signifies. Another cause of confusion is that a set of terms for chromosomes with specific centromeric positions, such as metacentric, acrocentric, telocentric, have come into wide usage without being clearly defined in relation to the positional terms median, submedian, subterminal and terminal. During the spring of 1963 the present writers exchanged epistolary
5,352 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1973
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the concept of biostatistics and introduce the Biostatistic Approach to Biometrics (BAPB) as a method for biometrics.
Abstract: Introduction to Biostatistics , Introduction to Biostatistics , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
1,874 citations
Book•
01 Oct 1959
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report critical values (to four significant figures) which have been found by inverse interpolation in the new table of the probability integral of the studentized range.
Abstract: Abstract : The purpose of this paper is to report critical values (to four significant figures) which have been found by inverse interpolation in the new table of the probability integral of the studentized range. Included are corrected tables for significance levels alpha = 0.05, 0.1 and new tables for significance levels alpha = 0.10, 0.005, 0.001-all with sample sizes n = 2(1) 20(2)40(10)100 and degrees of freedom nu = 1(1)20, 24, 30, 60, 120, infinity.
614 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report critical values (to four significant figures) which have been found by inverse interpolation in the new table of the probability integral of the studentized range.
Abstract: : The purpose of this paper is to report critical values (to four significant figures) which have been found by inverse interpolation in the new table of the probability integral of the studentized range. Included are corrected tables for significance levels alpha = 0.05, 0.1 and new tables for significance levels alpha = 0.10, 0.005, 0.001-all with sample sizes n = 2(1) 20(2)40(10)100 and degrees of freedom nu = 1(1)20, 24, 30, 60, 120, infinity.
579 citations