Kerr Effect of Some New Organic Kerr Solutions
15 Feb 1998-Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (The Physical Society of Japan)-Vol. 67, Iss: 2, pp 658-663
TL;DR: In this article, the electro optic Kerr constant of many new organic solutions comprising of the substituted aromatic carbonyl and nitrile compounds as solutes in nitrobenzene, for various molar concentrations of the solutes has been measured.
Abstract: The electro optic Kerr constant of many new organic solutions comprising of the substituted aromatic carbonyl and nitrile compounds as solutes in nitrobenzene, for various molar concentrations of the solutes has been measured. We found several solutions having Kerr constants greater than that of nitrobenzene. The interactions between the components in these solutions have been established to be dipole-dipole in nature for the first time by conducting experiments and measuring the dipolemoments for solutions of various molar concentrations. The variations of the dipole moment with concentration in many solutions have been found to follow the same trend of variations of Kerr constant with molar concentration.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the electro optical Kerr coefficients of binary liquid mixtures, comprising of aprotic-aprotic molecules only, are measured over the temperature range of 286 K to 315 K.
Abstract: The electro optical Kerr coefficients of binary liquid mixtures, comprising of aprotic-aprotic molecules only, are measured over the temperature range of 286 K to 315 K. To with in experimental errors, the logarithm of Kerr coefficient can be expressed as Van't Hoff type expression to the reciprocal of temperature. Information on the interaction energy between the constituents of the binary mixtures is thereby obtained. It is found that the interaction energy in aromatic ketone-aliphatic nitrile binary mixtures is comparatively higher than in the binary mixtures with aliphatic ketone-aliphatic nitriles, aromatic ketone-aromatic nitrile and aromatic ketone-aliphatic ketones components. This is attributed to the dipole-dipole interaction existing between the components of the binary mixtures.
2 citations
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01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: Optical methods to measure electric parameters and transmit the information from high voltage circuits to ground potential are described and evaluated in the light of the specific requirements of high-voltage measurement applications as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Optical methods to measure electric parameters and transmit the information from high voltage circuits to ground potential are described and evaluated in the light of the specific requirements of high-voltage measurement applications. The history and physics of a variety of optoelectrical methods found suitable for electrical measurement applications are introduced. Existing optical devices for measuring alternating, direct, and impulse currents and voltages in high-voltage circuits are reviewed with emphasis on the operation and features of several selected methods. The use of these techniques in industrial systems, in research laboratory apparatus, and in reference standards laboratories is discussed.
103 citations
TL;DR: This paper gives optical design considerations and experimental results of a 20-stage digital light beam deflector consisting of a series of nitrobenzene Kerr cells and birefringent calcite prisms.
Abstract: This paper gives optical design considerations and experimental results of a 20-stage digital light beam deflector consisting of a series of nitrobenzene Kerr cells and birefringent calcite prisms. The laser beam is deflected into a two-dimensional raster of 1024 by 1024 positions with a deflection rate of 500 kHz. The optical transmission of the deflector itself is 79% for green laser light. Data about background light and resolution as well as display examples showing alphanumerics and graphics are given.
47 citations
TL;DR: An optical method for nonintrusive spatially resolved measurements of asymmetric electric field distributions in dielectric liquids using multiangular Kerr effect measurements, which shows good agreement between experimentally determinedElectric field distributions and theoretically calculated distributions.
Abstract: An optical method for nonintrusive spatially resolved measurements of asymmetric electric field distributions in dielectric liquids is presented. Using multiangular Kerr effect measurements the electric field distributions are reconstructed with mathematical techniques known from computer-assisted tomography. The method is applicable to all high voltage devices containing liquids showing Kerr effect, allowing multiangular optical access, and having a relatively uniform electric field direction in the plane where the measurements are performed. The measurement technique is demonstrated experimentally with nitrobenzene. Comparisons between experimentally determined electric field distributions and theoretically calculated distributions show good agreement.
46 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an apparatus is described to measure the Kerr constant of conducting as well as nonconducting liquids and solutions using highvoltage pulses of short duration (1.5 μs) applied across the Kerr cell and the resultant birefringence is measured by a novel signal nulling technique.
Abstract: An apparatus is described to measure the Kerr constant of conducting as well as non-conducting liquids and solutions. High-voltage pulses of short duration (1.5 μs) are applied across the Kerr cell and the resultant birefringence is measured by a novel signal-nulling technique. New expressions are derived for the null conditions for an optically active birefringent medium. Results are presented at 633 nm and 293 K for water, methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol. The Kerr constant of water (3.0 × 10-14 m V-2) was in good agreement with recent determinations.
39 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a system to measure very high resolution, high voltage pulses with magnitudes from 3×104 to 1×105 V. The system has a linear frequency response to approximately 100 MHz.
Abstract: This paper describes a system to measure, with very high resolution, high voltage pulses. The system is based on a unique application of the electro‐optic Kerr effect and measures voltage pulses with magnitudes from 3×104 to 1×105 V. This technique also could be used to measure higher voltages by changing the separation of the Kerr cell plates. The system has a linear frequency response to approximately 100 MHz. Unlike the resolution of other voltage‐measuring systems, the resolution of this system increases as the voltage pulse increases towards its peak value. The peak pulse magnitude can be measured with a resolution of better than 0.1%. The system can be calibrated so that the measured value of the peak voltage should be accurate to within ±1% of the true value. This high resolution is obtained by modulation of a constant intensity light source by action of a Kerr cell. The electric field intensity resulting from the high voltage pulse causes phase differences as great as 25π radians between light components in the Kerr cell. Consequently, many light cycles are obtained during the voltage rise of the pulse. This produces extreme resolution near the peak of the pulse. Near the peak, a 2% change in voltage results in a 100% change in light intensity.
34 citations