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Journal ArticleDOI

Kinetics of biomethanation of solid tannery waste and the concept of interactive metabolic control.

TL;DR: The concept of interactive metabolic control earlier proposed has been validated based on the levels of various metabolites detected and the overall decrease in volatile solid level was 65%, whereas the collagen level declined by 85%.
Abstract: Anaerobic digestion of calf skin collagenous waste was optimized for a batch process based on accelerated maximal methane yield per gram of input volatile solid. A kinetic analysis with respect to changes in the levels of volatile solid, collagen, amino sugars, amino acids, hydroxyproline, ammonium ions, and volatile fatty acid were followed for a period of 80 d. Distinct metabolic phases included an initial high rate collagenolysis for 4d, with 50% degradation and was followed by an acidogenic phase between 4-12 d with volatile fatty acids levels increasing to 215 mmol/L. Subsequently methanogenesis ensued and was maximal between 12-24 d when volatile fatty acids attained steady state levels. During the period of 80 d, the overall decrease in volatile solid level was 65%, whereas the collagen level declined by 85% with 0.45 L of methane yield/g of volatile solid degraded. Based on the levels of various metabolites detected, the concept of interactive metabolic control earlier proposed has been validated.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a mathematical model representing the biosorption kinetics was formulated, supporting the Langmuir isotherm for the adsorption of chromium, which is one of the metals used in industry that create environmental toxicity and pollution problems, and the analysis of pollution parameters (chemical oxygen demand, total organic content, total dissolved solid, total suspended solid) suggest a significant reduction of the pollution load.
Abstract: Chromium is one of the metals used in industry that create environmental toxicity and pollution problems. In the present study, chromium in wastewater was removed by a biosorption method using a bacterial culture of Bacillus pumilus. A mathematical model representing the biosorption kinetics was formulated, supporting the Langmuir isotherm for the adsorption of chromium. Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy studies were used to characterize the adsorption of chromium by the bacterial biomass. The analysis of pollution parameters (chemical oxygen demand, total organic content, total dissolved solid, total suspended solid) suggest a significant reduction of the pollution load. The results show that the method developed here is very effective for the removal of chromium from an aqueous environment.

20 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a batch-scale duckweed reactor was designed using urban wastewater (WW) and changes in WW characteristics were recorded at the end, which revealed that the high content of DW in reactor caused positive effect on methane generation.

19 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The methanogenic activity of biogas plant slurry was used to evaluate the anaerobic digestion of ossein factory wastes such as sinews and primary clarified bone waste (PCBW) and cyanobacterial biomass in standard assay conditions.
Abstract: Overall measurement of methanogenic activity of sludge and or slurry is thought as a key for understanding the basic physiology of anaerobic consortia involved in anaerobic digestion process of an alternative biomass. In this study, the methanogenic activity of biogas plant slurry was used to evaluate the anaerobic digestion of ossein factory wastes such as sinews and primary clarified bone waste (PCBW) and cyanobacterial biomass in standard assay conditions. A maximum methanogenic activity was reported here when ossein factory wastes mixed with cyanobacterial biomass in specific proportions in which sinews and PCBW alone also favored to a significant methane yield. Cyanobacterial biomass alone did not give a desirable methanogenic activity. Approximately 48% of total solids were destroyed from these wastes after 30 days. This study gives information on the use of these wastes with suitable proportions for taking an effort in a large-scale anaerobic digestion in an effective way of ossein factory.

18 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, a mixture of sinews (40%) and cattle dung (60%) was more appropriate for enhanced methane yields with a high efficacy on anaerobic degradation, and a maximum cumulative biogas production volume of 18 L with 71-77% methane content was obtained even with more parts of the sinews were used as a substrate.
Abstract: Sinews is a pasty proteinaceous by-product discharged from a primary bone clarification tank in the ossein industry, which was mixed with cattle dung in different proportions at ambient temperature. This study found that a mixture of sinews (40%) and cattle dung (60%) was more appropriate for enhanced methane yields with a high efficacy on anaerobic degradation. A maximum cumulative biogas production volume (18 L) with 71-77% methane content was obtained even with more parts of the sinews were used as a substrate. The best biogas production yield was 23.4 L biogas/Kg TVS added, revealed the suitability of the sinews mixture (40%) in the biomethanation process. In addition, the pH of each digester was not shifted to alkaline which was constantly maintained within optimal range during the course of digestion. Perhaps, this alternate strategy will be helpful for managing the odor produced from sinews during bulk storage.

18 citations

01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, an enzymatic treatment of leather waste was performed using Bacillus subtilis in a laboratory by submerged fermentation, and the optimum conditions of pH, time duration, temperature and concentration of enzyme were determined for maximum degradation of the leather waste.
Abstract: The treatment of shavings, trimmings and splits of leather waste from tanneries has a potential to generate value-added products. In this study enzymatic treatment of leather waste was performed. This method utilizes alkaline protease produced by Bacillus subtilis in our laboratory by submerged fermentation. Optimum conditions of pH, time duration, temperature and concentration of enzyme were determined for maximum degradation of leather waste. The amount of degradation was measured by the release of amino acid hydroxyproline. Amino acid composition in the hydrolysate obtained by the enzyme hydrolysis was determined. This relative simple biotreatment of leather waste may provide a practical and economical solution.

17 citations


Cites background from "Kinetics of biomethanation of solid..."

  • ...[17] Lalitha K, Swaminathan K R, Bai R P....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the present investigations of the chromatographic separation of amino acids, it has been observed that, when the color development is carried out in tubes exposed to the air, these difficulties appear to result primarily from the influence of dissolved oxygen.

2,882 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A short and simple calorimetric method is here described that is applicable to the determination of hydroxyproline in hydrolysates of 40 to 100 y of collagen with a reproducibility of f2 per cent and an accuracy of f1 per cent as judged by recovery of hydroXYproline from elastin hydrolysate and from an amino acid mixture simulating collagen.

1,249 citations

Book
31 Dec 1990
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of renewable energy technologies, including photovoltaic power technology, wind power technologies, wave power, and geothermal energy technologies with a focus on using energy efficient technologies.
Abstract: 1. Principles of Renewable Energy 2. Solar Radiation and the Greenhouse Effect 3. Solar Water Heating 4. Other Solar Thermal Applications 5. Photovoltaic Power Technology - PV 6. Hydropower 7. Wind Resource 8. Wind Power Technology 9. Biomass Resources from Photosynthesis 10. Bioenergy Technologies 11. Wave Power 12. Tidal-current and Tidal-range Power 13. Ocean Gradient Energy: OTEC and Osmotic Power 14. Geothermal Energy 15. Energy Systems: Integration, Distribution and Storage 16. Using Energy Efficiently 17. Institutional and Economic Factors Review 1: Electrical Power Review 2: Fluid Dynamics Review 3: Heat Transfer Review 4: Solid State Physics for Photovoltaics Review 5: Units and Conversions: Algebraic Method Appendix A: Units and Conversions Appendix B: Data Appendix C: Some Heat Transfer Formulas Appendix D: Comparisons of Technologies Short Answers to Selected Problems Index

1,173 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, six different conversion processes are identified in the degradation of particulate organic material (biopolymers) to methane, and the kinetic data are applied to the design of an anaerobic digester for raw domestic sludge.

1,038 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that M. omelianskii maintained in ethanol media is actually a symbiotic association of the two species.
Abstract: Two bacterial species were isolated from cultures of Methanobacillus omelianskii grown on media, containing ethanol as oxidizable substrate. One of these, the S organism, is a gram negative, motile, anaerobic rod which ferments ethanol with production of H2 and acetate but is inhibited by inclusion of 0.5 atm of H2 in the gas phase of the medium. The other organism is a gram variable, nonmotile, anaerobic rod which utilizes H2 but not ethanol for growth and methane formation. The results indicate that M. omelianskii maintained in ethanol media is actually a symbiotic association of the two species.

604 citations