Kinetics of the extraction of succinic acid with Tri-n-octylamine in 1-Octanol solutions
01 Jan 2005-pp 180-180
TL;DR: In this paper, the intrinsic kinetics of succinic acid from aqueous solution with 1-octanol solutions of tri-n-octylamine (TOA) were carried out using a stirred cell with a microporous hydrophobic membrane.
Abstract: Kinetic studies for the extraction of succinic acid from aqueous solution with 1‐octanol solutions of tri‐n‐octylamine (TOA) were carried out using a stirred cell with a microporous hydrophobic membrane. The interfacial concentrations of species were correlated and thus the intrinsic kinetics was obtained. The overall extraction process was controlled by the chemical reaction at or near the interface between the aqueous and organic phases. The formation reaction of succinic acid‐TOA complex was found to be first order with respect to the concentration of succinic acid in the aqueous phase and the order of 0.5 with respect to that of TOA in the organic phase with a rate constant of (3.14 ± 0.6) × 10−8 m2.5·mol−0.5·s−1. The dissociation reaction of succinic acid‐TOA complex was found to be the second‐order with respect to that of succinic acid‐TOA complex in the organic phase and the order of –2 with respect to that of TOA in the organic phase with a rate constant of (1.44 ± 1.4) × 10−4 mol·m−2·s−1.
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References
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TL;DR: High distribution ratios are measured when long-chain tertiary amines are employed as extractants, forming bulky salts preferentially soluble in the organic phase, and the extractive transfer process obeys the Nernst law.
Abstract: Within the framework of a program aiming to improve the existing extractive recovery technology of fermentation products, the state of the art is critically reviewed. The acids under consideration are propionic, lactic, pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, maleic, malic, itaconic, tartaric, citric, and isocitric, all obtained by the aerobic fermentation of glucose via the glycolytic pathway and glyoxylate bypass. With no exception, it is the undissociated monomeric acid that is extracted into carbon-bonded and phosphorus-bonded oxygen donor extractants. In the organic phase, the acids are usually dimerized. The extractive transfer process obeys the Nernst law, and the measured partition coefficients range from about 0.003 for aliphatic hydrocarbons to about 2 to 3 for aliphatic alcohols and ketones to about 10 or more for organophosphates. Equally high distribution ratios are measured when long-chain tertiary amines are employed as extractants, forming bulky salts preferentially soluble in the organic phase.
670 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of the extraction of acetic, lactic, succinic, malonic, fumaric, and maleic acids by Alamine 336, an aliphatic, tertiary amine extractant, dissolved in various diluents, were interpreted by a chemical modeling approach, in which the stoichiometries of acid-amine complexes and corresponding equilibrium constants were determined.
Abstract: Studies have been made of the extraction of acetic, lactic, succinic, malonic, fumaric, and maleic acids by Alamine 336, an aliphatic, tertiary amine extractant, dissolved in various diluents. The results were interpreted by a «chemical modeling» approach, in which the stoichiometries of acid-amine complexes and corresponding equilibrium constants which best represent the experimental results were determined. The acids studied differed in pK a and in the presence or absence of functional groups other than the primary carboxyl group. Diluents were chosen from different chemical classes − electron donating, electron accepting, polar, and nonpolar − so as to examine the effects of diluent-complex interactions. These interactions were found to affect both the stoichiometry of reaction and the magnitudes of the corresponding equilibrium constants
426 citations
TL;DR: A chronology of key events and events in the history of the United States, as well as some of the key stories and anecdotes, are presented.
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398 citations
TL;DR: In-situ removal of carboxylic acid by extraction during fermentation is the most popular approach, but recovery of the extractant can easily lead to waste inorganic salt formation, which counteracts the advantage of the in-Situ removal.
379 citations
TL;DR: Succinic acid can be produced with much less by-product formation by using glycerol as a carbon source, which will facilitate its purification, according to the gram ratio of succinic acid to acetic acid.
Abstract: Succinic acid was produced by fermentation of Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens using glycerol as a carbon source. When cells were anaerobically cultured in a medium containing 6.5 g/L glycerol, a high succinic acid yield (133%) was obtained while avoiding the formation of by-product acetic acid. The gram ratio of succinic acid to acetic acid was 25.8:1, which is 6.5 times higher than that obtained using glucose (ca. 4:1) as a carbon source. Therefore, succinic acid can be produced with much less by-product formation by using glycerol as a carbon source, which will facilitate its purification. When glucose and glycerol were cofermented with the increasing ratio of glucose to glycerol, the gram ratio of succinic acid to acetic acid and succinic acid yield decreased, suggesting that glucose enhanced acetic acid formation irrespective of the presence of glycerol. Glycerol consumption by A. succiniciproducens required unidentified nutritional components present in yeast extract. By intermittently feeding yeast extract along with glycerol, a high succinic acid yield (160%) could be obtained while still avoiding acetic acid formation. This resulted in the highest ratio of succinic acid to acetic acid (31.7:1).
312 citations